Viola villosa |
Viola cucullata |
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Carolina violet, southern woolly violet |
blue marsh violet, marsh blue or northern bog or marsh or blue marsh violet, marsh blue violet, violette cucullée |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–15 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–20 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. |
Leaves | basal, 4–9, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 3–10 cm, densely pubescent; blade unlobed, reniform or ovate to elliptic, 1–8 × 1–5.5 cm, base cordate, margins serrate, ciliate, apex rounded to acute, mucronulate, surfaces densely pubescent. |
basal, 4–8, ascending to erect; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 6–20 cm, usually glabrous; blade unlobed, ovate to reniform, 1.5–11 × 1–9 cm, base reniform to cordate, margins crenate to serrate, ciliate, apex acute or obtuse to slightly caudate, surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm, puberulent. |
7–25 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light to dark blue-violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and dark violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded, spur sometimes bearded, lowest 10–20 mm, spur usually white, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on ascending to erect peduncles. |
sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 3–6 mm; petals light to dark blue-violet to violet on both surfaces, upper 2 and lateral 2 darker basally, lateral 2 densely bearded, lowest white basally, dark purple-veined, 9–13 mm, spur color same as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles. |
Capsules | ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid to ± ovoid, 10–15 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | beige, mottled to bronze, or dark brown, 1.5–2 mm. |
beige, mottled to bronze, 1–2 mm. |
2n | = 54. |
= 54. |
Viola villosa |
Viola cucullata |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Sandy, pine-oak and pine-oak-hickory woods and disturbed ground | Open or wooded wet areas, seeps, springs, swamps, marshes, streamsides |
Elevation | 10–300 m (0–1000 ft) | 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TX
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AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM
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Discussion | Much of the foliage of Viola villosa remains green throughout the winter (V. B. Baird 1942). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola cucullata reportedly hybridizes with V. sororia (= V. ×bissellii House), V. brittoniana (= V. ×notabilis E. P. Bicknell), and V. sagittata var. sagittata (= V. ×porteriana House). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 163. | FNA vol. 6, p. 128. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. alabamensis | V. cucullata var. leptosepala, V. cucullata var. macrotis, V. cucullata var. microtitis, V. dicksonii, V. leptosepala, V. macrotis |
Name authority | Walter: Fl. Carol., 219. (1788) | Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 288. (1789) |
Web links |