Viola villosa |
Viola blanda |
|
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Carolina violet, southern woolly violet |
sweet white violet, violette agréable |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–15 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, stoloniferous, 3–20 cm; stolons pale, often rooting and leafy at nodes; rhizome short, slender, fleshy. |
Leaves | basal, 4–9, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 3–10 cm, densely pubescent; blade unlobed, reniform or ovate to elliptic, 1–8 × 1–5.5 cm, base cordate, margins serrate, ciliate, apex rounded to acute, mucronulate, surfaces densely pubescent. |
basal, 2–9, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 2–11 cm, usually sparsely pubescent; blade unlobed, reniform to ovate, 2–4 × 2–4 cm, base cordate, lobes often overlapping, margins serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex rounded or acute to acuminate, surfaces sometimes glabrous, usually sparsely pubescent adaxially. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm, puberulent. |
3–11 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light to dark blue-violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and dark violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded, spur sometimes bearded, lowest 10–20 mm, spur usually white, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on ascending to erect peduncles. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins mostly eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals white on both surfaces, lower 3 purple-veined, lateral 2 usually beardless, lowest 8–10 mm, spur white, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid to ellipsoid, 4–6 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | beige, mottled to bronze, or dark brown, 1.5–2 mm. |
beige to bronze, 1.5–2 mm. |
2n | = 54. |
= 44, 48. |
Viola villosa |
Viola blanda |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Sandy, pine-oak and pine-oak-hickory woods and disturbed ground | Rich woods |
Elevation | 10–300 m (0–1000 ft) | 30–2000 m (100–6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TX
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AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; AB; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
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Discussion | Much of the foliage of Viola villosa remains green throughout the winter (V. B. Baird 1942). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola blanda occurs in small colonies; individual plants are interconnected by stolons. Whether to recognize Viola incognita at any taxonomic level is currently unresolved. It is said to have pubescent leaf blades, greenish peduncles, nontwisted lateral petals, and a preference for moister habitats. Most of these characters fall within the range of variation observed in V. blanda. N. H. Russell (1965) noted that Viola incognita is principally found in glaciated areas whereas V. blanda is found in nonglaciated areas. Á. Löve and D. Löve (1982b) and J. M. Canne (1987) reported a chromosome count of 2n = 44; J. Clausen (1929) and A. Gershoy (1934) reported 2n = 48. V. B. Baird (1942) reported that V. blanda (and V. incognita) have fragrant flowers. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 163. | FNA vol. 6, p. 124. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. alabamensis | V. blanda var. palustriformis, V. incognita, V. incognita var. forbesii, V. leconteana |
Name authority | Walter: Fl. Carol., 219. (1788) | Willdenow: Hort. Berol. 1(2): plate 24. (1804) |
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