Viola trinervata |
Viola renifolia |
|
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3-nerve violet, desert pansy, Rainier or sagebrush or three-nerve violet, Rainier violet, sagebrush violet, three-nerve violet |
kidney-leaf or kidney-shape or white violet, kidney-leaf violet, kidney-leaf white violet, northern white violet, violette réniforme, white violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–15 cm. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–30 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. |
Stems | 1–4, decumbent, ascending, or erect, ca. 1/2 subterranean, glabrous, from single, vertical, deep-seated caudex. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–7, palmately compound, leaflets 3–5; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear-lanceolate wings, unlobed, margins entire, apex of each wing free, acute; petiole 4.5–15 cm, glabrous; blade reniform or ovate to ± orbiculate, 2–5 × 2.5–5 cm, coriaceous, base tapered, leaflets cleft or dissected into 2–3 elliptic, lanceolate, or oblanceolate lobes 2–7 mm wide, margins usually entire, eciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous (± glaucous), abaxial surface usually with prominent vein parallel to each margin; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate; petiole 1–5.5 cm; blade 1–3 × 2–4.5 cm. |
basal, 1–5, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire to sparsely laciniate, apex acute; petiole 3–10 cm, strigose, sericeous, or villous, occasionally glabrous; blade unlobed, reniform or ovate to broadly ovate or orbiculate, 1.5–3.5 × 2–5 cm, base cordate to broadly cordate, margins serrate-crenate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded, occasionally acuminate, surfaces usually sparsely to densely strigose, sericeous, or villous throughout or along veins, sometimes glabrous. |
Peduncles | 1.1–7 cm, glabrous. |
3–8 cm, puberulent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0–1 mm; petals: upper 2 often overlapping, dark reddish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 lilac, rarely white, lateral 2 bearded, with yellow patch basally and reddish violet patch distal to yellow patch, lowest 9–15 mm with yellow patch, dark reddish violet-veined, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.6–1.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers absent. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins usually eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals white on both surfaces, lower 3 purple-veined, all beardless or lower 3 sparsely bearded, lowest 8–10 mm, spur white, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. |
Capsules | ovoid, 7–12 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid to ellipsoid, 5–8 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | tan, 3.2–4.5 mm. |
mottled beige to bronze, 1.5–2.2 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
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Viola trinervata |
Viola renifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Sagebrush flats, dry, rocky hillsides, usually in gravelly soil | Moist, often shaded alluvial or upland forests, shrub thickets, stream banks, swamp forests, bogs, fens |
Elevation | 400–1200 m (1300–3900 ft) | 200–3000 m (700–9800 ft) |
Distribution |
OR; WA
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AK; CO; CT; IA; ID; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; NH; NY; PA; SD; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | In some populations of Viola trinervata the lower three petals are white with a yellow area proximally (V. B. Baird 1942). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Nonflowering plants of Viola renifolia and V. epipsila appear similar. The abaxial leaf surfaces of V. renifolia usually have a few short, straight hairs on the main veins; leaves of V. epipsila are usually glabrous (C. Parker, pers. comm.). Viola renifolia can appear similar to V. macloskeyi. V. B. Baird (1942) wrote that V. renifolia sometimes produces ascending stems. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) noted that if stolons were present, they were short and racemelike with cleistogamous flowers. The ascending stems and stolons mentioned by these authors may or may not be different phases of the same structure. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 161. | FNA vol. 6, p. 153. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. beckwithii var. trinervata | V. blanda var. renifolia, V. brainerdii, V. mistassinica, V. renifolia var. brainerdii |
Name authority | (Howell) Howell ex A. Gray: Bot. Gaz. 11: 290. (1886) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 288. (1870) |
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