Viola trinervata |
Viola orbiculata |
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3-nerve violet, desert pansy, Rainier or sagebrush or three-nerve violet, Rainier violet, sagebrush violet, three-nerve violet |
darkwoods violet, evergreen yellow violet, round-leaf or round-leaf wood or western round-leaf or evergreen violet, round-leaf violet, violette orbiculaire |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–15 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–9 cm. |
Stems | 1–4, decumbent, ascending, or erect, ca. 1/2 subterranean, glabrous, from single, vertical, deep-seated caudex. |
1–5, prostrate or erect, leafy proximally and distally, usually glabrous, from current and/or previous year’s growth, on usually vertical, fleshy rhizome. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–7, palmately compound, leaflets 3–5; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear-lanceolate wings, unlobed, margins entire, apex of each wing free, acute; petiole 4.5–15 cm, glabrous; blade reniform or ovate to ± orbiculate, 2–5 × 2.5–5 cm, coriaceous, base tapered, leaflets cleft or dissected into 2–3 elliptic, lanceolate, or oblanceolate lobes 2–7 mm wide, margins usually entire, eciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous (± glaucous), abaxial surface usually with prominent vein parallel to each margin; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate; petiole 1–5.5 cm; blade 1–3 × 2–4.5 cm. |
basal and cauline; basal: 3–11; stipules deltate to lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 2.1–10.5 cm, glabrous or pubescent; blade usually orbiculate to broadly ovate, sometimes reniform, 1.4–5.3 × 1.4–5.3 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to serrulate-crenulate, eciliate or sparingly ciliate, apex usually obtuse, rarely acute, abaxial surface usually glabrous, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate to ovate, margins usually entire, ciliate; petiole 0.7–1 cm, glabrous or pubescent; blade 1.2–2 × 1.1–1.4 cm. |
Peduncles | 1.1–7 cm, glabrous. |
2.7–5.6 cm, glabrous. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0–1 mm; petals: upper 2 often overlapping, dark reddish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 lilac, rarely white, lateral 2 bearded, with yellow patch basally and reddish violet patch distal to yellow patch, lowest 9–15 mm with yellow patch, dark reddish violet-veined, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.6–1.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers absent. |
sepals narrow to broadly lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; upper 2 and lateral 2 petals deep lemon-yellow on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 usually bearded, lowest 8–17 mm, spur usually yellow, sometimes whitish, gibbous, 1.5–2.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ovoid, 7–12 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid, 6–8 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | tan, 3.2–4.5 mm. |
light to dark brown, sometimes mottled with white, 2–2.3 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
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Viola trinervata |
Viola orbiculata |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Sagebrush flats, dry, rocky hillsides, usually in gravelly soil | Alpine and montane slopes, moist montane coniferous forests, canyons, meadows, lake margins |
Elevation | 400–1200 m (1300–3900 ft) | 700–1700 m (2300–5600 ft) |
Distribution |
OR; WA
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ID; MT; OR; WA; WY; AB; BC
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Discussion | In some populations of Viola trinervata the lower three petals are white with a yellow area proximally (V. B. Baird 1942). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
During winter, the basal leaves of Viola orbiculata are appressed to the ground under the weight of snow. The leaves overwinter and are often partly or entirely green after the snow has melted. Mature plants possess 3–11 basal leaves, some derived from previous years and others from the current year’s growth. Occasional plants are found with short, thin stems rooted at the tip and producing a rosette of leaves and stems, showing the close relationship with V. sempervirens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 161. | FNA vol. 6, p. 141. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. beckwithii var. trinervata | V. sarmentosa var. orbiculata, V. sempervirens var. orbiculata |
Name authority | (Howell) Howell ex A. Gray: Bot. Gaz. 11: 290. (1886) | (A. Gary) Geyer ex B. D. Jackson: in B. D. Jackson et al., Index Kew. 2(4): 1208. (1895) |
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