Viola trinervata |
Viola frank-smithii |
|
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3-nerve violet, desert pansy, Rainier or sagebrush or three-nerve violet, Rainier violet, sagebrush violet, three-nerve violet |
Frank Smith violet, Frank-Smith's violet |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–15 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–12.5 cm. |
Stems | 1–4, decumbent, ascending, or erect, ca. 1/2 subterranean, glabrous, from single, vertical, deep-seated caudex. |
1–4, decumbent or ascending to erect, glabrous, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–7, palmately compound, leaflets 3–5; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear-lanceolate wings, unlobed, margins entire, apex of each wing free, acute; petiole 4.5–15 cm, glabrous; blade reniform or ovate to ± orbiculate, 2–5 × 2.5–5 cm, coriaceous, base tapered, leaflets cleft or dissected into 2–3 elliptic, lanceolate, or oblanceolate lobes 2–7 mm wide, margins usually entire, eciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous (± glaucous), abaxial surface usually with prominent vein parallel to each margin; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate; petiole 1–5.5 cm; blade 1–3 × 2–4.5 cm. |
basal and cauline; basal: 2–3; stipules lanceolate, margins fimbriate, apex acute; petiole 1.5–6(–14) cm, glabrous; blade broadly ovate to deltate, 1.3–2.9(–4.1) × 1.3–2.9 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate, eciliate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: petiole 1.3–6.5 cm; blade 1.1–2.2 × 0.7–1.6 cm. |
Peduncles | 1.1–7 cm, glabrous. |
2.5–7(–11.2) cm, glabrous. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0–1 mm; petals: upper 2 often overlapping, dark reddish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 lilac, rarely white, lateral 2 bearded, with yellow patch basally and reddish violet patch distal to yellow patch, lowest 9–15 mm with yellow patch, dark reddish violet-veined, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.6–1.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers absent. |
sepals lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; all petals usually pale purple, sometimes almost white adaxially, lateral 2 and lowest purple-veined, lateral and upper 2 violet abaxially, white basally, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 10–16(–18) mm, spur greenish to pale lime green, gibbous, 1.6–3 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers unknown. |
Capsules | ovoid, 7–12 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid, 3–7 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | tan, 3.2–4.5 mm. |
pale yellow, 2.4–2.8 mm. |
Viola trinervata |
Viola frank-smithii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Sagebrush flats, dry, rocky hillsides, usually in gravelly soil | Cracks, crevices, and narrow ledges of vertical limestone and dolomite rock faces, humid, shady places |
Elevation | 400–1200 m (1300–3900 ft) | 1600–2100 m (5200–6900 ft) |
Distribution |
OR; WA
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UT |
Discussion | In some populations of Viola trinervata the lower three petals are white with a yellow area proximally (V. B. Baird 1942). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Viola frank-smithii is endemic to Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah. N. H. Holmgren (2005d) wrote that it likely has its ancestral ties with V. adunca. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 161. | FNA vol. 6, p. 131. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. beckwithii var. trinervata | |
Name authority | (Howell) Howell ex A. Gray: Bot. Gaz. 11: 290. (1886) | N. H. Holmgren: Brittonia 44: 303, fig. 1E – H. (1992) |
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