Viola trinervata |
Viola blanda |
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3-nerve violet, desert pansy, Rainier or sagebrush or three-nerve violet, Rainier violet, sagebrush violet, three-nerve violet |
sweet white violet, violette agréable |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–15 cm. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, stoloniferous, 3–20 cm; stolons pale, often rooting and leafy at nodes; rhizome short, slender, fleshy. |
Stems | 1–4, decumbent, ascending, or erect, ca. 1/2 subterranean, glabrous, from single, vertical, deep-seated caudex. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–7, palmately compound, leaflets 3–5; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear-lanceolate wings, unlobed, margins entire, apex of each wing free, acute; petiole 4.5–15 cm, glabrous; blade reniform or ovate to ± orbiculate, 2–5 × 2.5–5 cm, coriaceous, base tapered, leaflets cleft or dissected into 2–3 elliptic, lanceolate, or oblanceolate lobes 2–7 mm wide, margins usually entire, eciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous (± glaucous), abaxial surface usually with prominent vein parallel to each margin; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate; petiole 1–5.5 cm; blade 1–3 × 2–4.5 cm. |
basal, 2–9, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 2–11 cm, usually sparsely pubescent; blade unlobed, reniform to ovate, 2–4 × 2–4 cm, base cordate, lobes often overlapping, margins serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex rounded or acute to acuminate, surfaces sometimes glabrous, usually sparsely pubescent adaxially. |
Peduncles | 1.1–7 cm, glabrous. |
3–11 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0–1 mm; petals: upper 2 often overlapping, dark reddish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 lilac, rarely white, lateral 2 bearded, with yellow patch basally and reddish violet patch distal to yellow patch, lowest 9–15 mm with yellow patch, dark reddish violet-veined, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.6–1.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers absent. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins mostly eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals white on both surfaces, lower 3 purple-veined, lateral 2 usually beardless, lowest 8–10 mm, spur white, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ovoid, 7–12 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid to ellipsoid, 4–6 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | tan, 3.2–4.5 mm. |
beige to bronze, 1.5–2 mm. |
2n | = 44, 48. |
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Viola trinervata |
Viola blanda |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Sagebrush flats, dry, rocky hillsides, usually in gravelly soil | Rich woods |
Elevation | 400–1200 m (1300–3900 ft) | 30–2000 m (100–6600 ft) |
Distribution |
OR; WA
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AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; AB; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
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Discussion | In some populations of Viola trinervata the lower three petals are white with a yellow area proximally (V. B. Baird 1942). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola blanda occurs in small colonies; individual plants are interconnected by stolons. Whether to recognize Viola incognita at any taxonomic level is currently unresolved. It is said to have pubescent leaf blades, greenish peduncles, nontwisted lateral petals, and a preference for moister habitats. Most of these characters fall within the range of variation observed in V. blanda. N. H. Russell (1965) noted that Viola incognita is principally found in glaciated areas whereas V. blanda is found in nonglaciated areas. Á. Löve and D. Löve (1982b) and J. M. Canne (1987) reported a chromosome count of 2n = 44; J. Clausen (1929) and A. Gershoy (1934) reported 2n = 48. V. B. Baird (1942) reported that V. blanda (and V. incognita) have fragrant flowers. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 161. | FNA vol. 6, p. 124. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. beckwithii var. trinervata | V. blanda var. palustriformis, V. incognita, V. incognita var. forbesii, V. leconteana |
Name authority | (Howell) Howell ex A. Gray: Bot. Gaz. 11: 290. (1886) | Willdenow: Hort. Berol. 1(2): plate 24. (1804) |
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