Viola tricolor |
Viola ocellata |
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European wild pansy, garden violet, heart's ease, johnny-jump-up -, johnny-jump-up violet, ladies delight, northern violet, pansy, violette tricolore, wild pansy |
pinto violet, two-eyed violet, western heart's ease, western heart's ease or two-eyed or southern two-eyed violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 2–37 cm. | |
Stems | 1–3, ascending to erect, ± glabrous or usually puberulent, on caudex from shallow, fleshy rhizome or deep-seated caudex with fleshy roots. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules deltate, margins laciniate, apex usually long-acuminate; petiole 3.7–10 cm, puberulent; blade ovate, deltate, or subreniform, 1–6 × 1.2–4 cm, base usually cordate to subcordate, margins crenate, usually ciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces usually sparsely puberulent, glabrous early; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate, margins ±fimbriate, sometimes stipitate-glandular, sometimes entire, erose, or ± laciniate; petiole 0.4–9 cm; blade ovate to deltate, 1.6–4.4 × 1.1–3.6 cm, base subcordate to truncate, margins crenate to ± serrate, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse. |
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Peduncles | 1–10 cm, puberulent. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; petals white adaxially, upper 2 and sometimes lower 3 deep reddish violet abaxially, all with yellow area basally, lateral 2 with purple patch basally distal to smaller yellow area, bearded, lowest with yellow patch basally, purple-veined, 5–15 mm, spur yellow or greenish, gibbous, 1–2.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
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Capsules | spherical to spherical-ovoid, 5–11 mm, minutely scabrous. |
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Seeds | brown-purple, ca. 2 mm. |
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2n | = 12. |
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Viola tricolor |
Viola ocellata |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | |
Habitat | Rocky areas, grassy banks, thickets, often on serpentine soil | |
Elevation | 100–1100 m (300–3600 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 160. | FNA vol. 6, p. 140. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 935. (1753) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 142. (1838) |
Web links |
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