Viola tricolor |
Viola lobata |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
European wild pansy, garden violet, heart's ease, johnny-jump-up -, johnny-jump-up violet, ladies delight, northern violet, pansy, violette tricolore, wild pansy |
moose horn violet, pine violet, yellow wood violet |
|||||
Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–46 cm. | |||||
Stems | 1–3, erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or puberulent, from subligneous rhizome. |
|||||
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 0–2, unlobed or palmately 3–11-lobed; stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins ± entire or serrate, apex acute; petiole 5–27 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade sometimes glaucous, deltate to reniform, 3.5–8.5 × 4.5–13.5 cm, base cordate, truncate, or attenuate, margins on unlobed leaves coarsely dentate-serrate, margins on lobed leaves usually entire, sometimes few-toothed, ciliate (sometimes only proximal 1/2) or eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: distal on naked stems, unlobed and divided leaves can occur on same plant, if divided, palmately 3–12-lobed; stipules sometimes large and ± leaflike, margins entire, lacerate, or laciniate, sometimes with gland-tipped projections, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.2–8.8 cm; blade reniform to reniform-cordate, ± ovate, deltate, or rhombic, 1.5–5.5 × 1.4–10 cm, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, margins entire, crenate-serrate, or dentate, or coarsely lacerate to deeply serrate, often entire distally, ciliate or rarely eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, often long-tapered, mucronulate. |
|||||
Peduncles | 2–13 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
|||||
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.1–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow adaxially, usually upper 2 and sometimes lateral 2 brownish purple abaxially, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined basally, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–19 mm, spur yellow to greenish, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
|||||
Capsules | ellipsoid-ovoid, 6–16 mm, glabrous. |
|||||
Seeds | light brown, blotched or streaked with brown, shiny, 2.1–2.7 mm. |
|||||
2n | = 12. |
|||||
Viola tricolor |
Viola lobata |
|||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia
|
CA; OR; nw Mexico
|
||||
Discussion | Varieties 3 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). V. B. Baird (1942) noted that Viola lobata was more closely related to V. tripartita than to any western Viola. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 160. | FNA vol. 6, p. 137. | ||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 935. (1753) | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 298. (1849) | ||||
Web links |
|