Viola tricolor |
Viola frank-smithii |
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European wild pansy, garden violet, heart's ease, johnny-jump-up -, johnny-jump-up violet, ladies delight, northern violet, pansy, violette tricolore, wild pansy |
Frank Smith violet, Frank-Smith's violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–12.5 cm. | |
Stems | 1–4, decumbent or ascending to erect, glabrous, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 2–3; stipules lanceolate, margins fimbriate, apex acute; petiole 1.5–6(–14) cm, glabrous; blade broadly ovate to deltate, 1.3–2.9(–4.1) × 1.3–2.9 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate, eciliate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: petiole 1.3–6.5 cm; blade 1.1–2.2 × 0.7–1.6 cm. |
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Peduncles | 2.5–7(–11.2) cm, glabrous. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; all petals usually pale purple, sometimes almost white adaxially, lateral 2 and lowest purple-veined, lateral and upper 2 violet abaxially, white basally, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 10–16(–18) mm, spur greenish to pale lime green, gibbous, 1.6–3 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers unknown. |
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Capsules | ovoid, 3–7 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | pale yellow, 2.4–2.8 mm. |
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Viola tricolor |
Viola frank-smithii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | |
Habitat | Cracks, crevices, and narrow ledges of vertical limestone and dolomite rock faces, humid, shady places | |
Elevation | 1600–2100 m (5200–6900 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia
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UT |
Discussion | Varieties 3 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Viola frank-smithii is endemic to Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah. N. H. Holmgren (2005d) wrote that it likely has its ancestral ties with V. adunca. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 160. | FNA vol. 6, p. 131. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 935. (1753) | N. H. Holmgren: Brittonia 44: 303, fig. 1E – H. (1992) |
Web links |
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