Viola tomentosa |
Viola tripartita |
|
---|---|---|
felt-leaf violet, woolly or felt-leaf or feltleaf violet, woolly violet |
three-part or Piedmont or threepart violet, threepart violet |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 7–10 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 10–40 cm. |
Stems | 1–3(–5), prostrate or decumbent to erect, leafy proximally and distally, densely white-tomentose, from usually vertical, subligneous rhizome. |
1(2), erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or puberulent, from subligneous rhizome. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules linear to broadly ovate-oblong, margins entire, sometimes with scattered glandular hairs, apex acute to obtuse; petiole 2–6 cm, densely white-tomentose; blade ± oblanceolate to elliptic, 1.5–5 × 1.4–2.1 cm, base attenuate, usually oblique, margins usually entire, rarely crenate distally, ciliate, apex acute to usually obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces densely white-tomentose abaxially, strigose adaxially; cauline similar to basal except: stipules ovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or oblong, margins entire or toothed, densely ciliate with white hairs; petiole 1.5–3.5 cm; blade 1.8–4 × 0.6–1.1 cm. |
basal and cauline; basal: 0(–2); stipules ovate, not leaflike, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent; petiole 9–11.5 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade unlobed, ovate, or 3–5-lobed, 4–5 × 1–5 cm, base cordate, margins entire or crenate-serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or ± puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: restricted to distal ends of stems; stipules ovate to oblong; petiole 0.7–7.2 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade unlobed, ovate or deltate, or 3-lobed (if 3-lobed, lateral lobes falcate, middle rhombic, longer than others, lobes may appear petiolate; unlobed and 3-lobed leaves can occur on same plant), 1–6 × 0.5–5.5 cm, base truncate to cuneate, margins serrate, ciliate or eciliate, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. |
Peduncles | 1–4 cm, densely white-tomentose. |
1.5–4 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate-tomentose, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow adaxially, upper 2 often brownish purple abaxially, lower 3 dark brown- to brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 6–11 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.5–1.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers absent. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.1–0.5 mm; petals lemon-yellow adaxially, upper 2, rarely others, brownish purple abaxially, lowest and usually lateral 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 and sometimes lowest bearded, lowest 10–18 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ± spherical, 4–5 mm, densely white-tomentose. |
ovoid to ellipsoid, 9–12 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | brown with lighter brown mottling, 2.5–2.8 mm. |
beige, bronze, or brown, 2.4–3 mm. |
2n | = 12. |
= 12. |
Viola tomentosa |
Viola tripartita |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Aug. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Dry, gravelly places, open ponderosa, Jeffrey, lodgepole pine forests | Rich woods |
Elevation | 1500–2000 m (4900–6600 ft) | 50–1600 m (200–5200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
AL; FL; GA; KY; MS; NC; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
|
Discussion | Viola tomentosa occurs in El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, and Sierra counties. M. S. Baker (1949) reported that nearly every leaf axil of V. tomentosa produces a flower bud and that these buds produce chasmogamous flowers late in season instead of cleistogamous flowers, as do other members of the V. nuttallii complex. Viola tomentosa hybridizes with V. purpurea; the hybrids appeared sterile (M. S. Baker 1949). J. Clausen (1964) reported a putative hybrid between V. tomentosa and V. sheltonii from one location in Sierra County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Some authors recognize two varieties of Viola tripartita based on lobed versus unlobed leaves. F. L. Lévesque and P. M. Dansereau (1966) suggested that leaf variation is the only character difference between vars. tripartita and glaberrima. N. H. Russell (1965) stated that V. tripartita plants with lobed and unlobed leaves are sympatric and frequently intergrade and did not recognize them as distinct. The situation with two leaf forms in V. tripartita is similar to V. lobata, which also has two leaf forms. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 160. | FNA vol. 6, p. 161. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. hastata var. glaberrima, V. hastata var. tripartita, V. tripartita var. glaberrima | |
Name authority | M. S. Baker & J. C. Clausen: Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 142. (1949) | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 302. (1817) |
Web links |