Viola tomentosa |
Viola cuneata |
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felt-leaf violet, woolly or felt-leaf or feltleaf violet, woolly violet |
northern two-eyed or wedge-leaf violet, northern two-eyed violet, wedge-leaf violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 7–10 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 2–25 cm. |
Stems | 1–3(–5), prostrate or decumbent to erect, leafy proximally and distally, densely white-tomentose, from usually vertical, subligneous rhizome. |
1–3, usually erect, sometimes prostrate or ascending, glabrous, from shallow, fleshy rhizome or deep-seated caudex with fleshy roots. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules linear to broadly ovate-oblong, margins entire, sometimes with scattered glandular hairs, apex acute to obtuse; petiole 2–6 cm, densely white-tomentose; blade ± oblanceolate to elliptic, 1.5–5 × 1.4–2.1 cm, base attenuate, usually oblique, margins usually entire, rarely crenate distally, ciliate, apex acute to usually obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces densely white-tomentose abaxially, strigose adaxially; cauline similar to basal except: stipules ovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or oblong, margins entire or toothed, densely ciliate with white hairs; petiole 1.5–3.5 cm; blade 1.8–4 × 0.6–1.1 cm. |
basal and cauline; basal: 2–6; stipules lanceolate, margins entire or gland-toothed, apex acute; petiole 4.5–9.8 cm, glabrous; blade purple-veined, orbiculate-ovate to deltate, 1–4 × 2.7–3.8 cm, usually shiny, leathery, base cuneate, margins serrate, eciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate to ovate, margins entire or erose to lacerate, with or without gland-tipped processes, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.5–20 cm; blade usually rhombic, sometimes orbiculate, 0.9–2.6 × 0.7–1.8 cm, margins crenate to ± serrate, apex acute to obtuse. |
Peduncles | 1–4 cm, densely white-tomentose. |
1–10.5 cm, glabrous. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate-tomentose, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow adaxially, upper 2 often brownish purple abaxially, lower 3 dark brown- to brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 6–11 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.5–1.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers absent. |
sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep reddish violet abaxially, white adaxially, upper 2 sometimes with purple patch basally, lateral 2 with purple patch basally beyond smaller yellow area, usually bearded, sometimes beardless, lowest purple-veined with yellow area basally, 8–14 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ± spherical, 4–5 mm, densely white-tomentose. |
± spherical, 5–9 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | brown with lighter brown mottling, 2.5–2.8 mm. |
deep brown-purple, 2.1–3 mm. |
2n | = 12. |
|
Viola tomentosa |
Viola cuneata |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Aug. | Flowering Mar–Sep. |
Habitat | Dry, gravelly places, open ponderosa, Jeffrey, lodgepole pine forests | Open pine or oak forests, often serpentine soil |
Elevation | 1500–2000 m (4900–6600 ft) | 600–2200 m (2000–7200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Viola tomentosa occurs in El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, and Sierra counties. M. S. Baker (1949) reported that nearly every leaf axil of V. tomentosa produces a flower bud and that these buds produce chasmogamous flowers late in season instead of cleistogamous flowers, as do other members of the V. nuttallii complex. Viola tomentosa hybridizes with V. purpurea; the hybrids appeared sterile (M. S. Baker 1949). J. Clausen (1964) reported a putative hybrid between V. tomentosa and V. sheltonii from one location in Sierra County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola cuneata often occurs on serpentine-derived soil and is closely related to V. flettii, V. hallii, and V. ocellata (V. B. Baird 1942). Originally described as beardless by Watson, the lateral petals of flowers in the same population can be prominently bearded or essentially beardless. The cauline blades of Viola cuneata are often vertical, especially early in season. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 160. | FNA vol. 6, p. 129. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | M. S. Baker & J. C. Clausen: Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 142. (1949) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 290. (1879) |
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