Viola striata |
Viola quercetorum |
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cream or cream-white or pale or striped or striped cream violet, creamy violet, striped cream violet, striped white violet, violette strièe |
goosefoot violet, goosefoot yellow violet, oakwoods violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 10–60 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 4–25(–34.5) cm. |
Stems | 1–4, ascending to erect (often declining during anthesis), glabrous or pubescent, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. |
1–5, spreading to erect, leafy proximally and distally, usually elongated by end of season, puberulent to canescent, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 2–6; stipules lanceolate to narrowly deltate, margins laciniate, apex acute; petiole 3–6 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate to reniform, 2–7 × 1–2.5 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces glabrous or pubescent; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate, margins laciniate; petiole 3–7 cm; distal blades ovate to deltate, 1–6 × 1–4 cm, base cordate, apex acuminate to acute. |
basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear, membranous wings, each wing with lanceolate to ± deltate projection, margins entire or laciniate, apex usually long-acuminate or divided into narrow, filiform processes; petiole 1.9–9.5 cm, puberulent; blade usually grayish green to whitish, sometimes ± purple-tinted abaxially, green to grayish green adaxially, ± ovate to ± orbiculate, deltate, pandurate, or broadly brownish purple abaxially, lower 3 dark brown-veined, lateral 2 sparsely to densely bearded, lowest 10–16 mm, spur yellow to reddish brown, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Peduncles | 5–12 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 2–3 mm; petals white or cream on both surfaces, without yellow patch basally, lowest and usually lateral 2 purple-veined, lateral 2 and sometimes all densely bearded, lowest 10–18 mm, spur white, gibbous to elongated, 3–6 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid, 6–7 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid to ellipsoid, 8–12 mm, puberulent. |
Seeds | beige to bronze, 1.5–3 mm. |
medium brown, ± 2.7 mm. |
2n | = 20. |
= 24. |
Viola striata |
Viola quercetorum |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering Feb–Jul. |
Habitat | Riparian or alluvial woods, floodplains in silty loam, meadows | Dry, grassy or brushy slopes, chaparral, in or lower than yellow pine forests |
Elevation | 40–1000 m (100–3300 ft) | 300–2000 m (1000–6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; VA; WI; WV; ON
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CA; OR |
Discussion | Dead, long-persistent stems of Viola striata are often present the following season. In flower, the plants are often mistaken for V. canadensis because the petals are whitish (H. E. Ballard 1992). Viola striata reportedly hybridizes with V. labradorica (= V. ×eclipes H. E. Ballard), V. rostrata (= V. ×brauniae Grover ex Cooperrider), V. walteri var. appalachiensis (= V. ×wujekii H. E. Ballard), and V. walteri var. walteri (= V. ×cooperrideri H. E. Ballard). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Herbarium specimens of Viola quercetorum and V. purpurea var. purpurea can be difficult to distinguish; pressing obliterates the undulate leaf margins of V. quercetorum. In Oregon, most collections of V. quercetorum are from yellow pine forests (A. Liston, pers. comm.). Viola quercetorum hybridizes with V. douglasii (J. Clausen 1964). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 159. | FNA vol. 6, p. 153. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lophion striatum, V. conspersa var. masonii | V. purpurea subsp. quercetorum |
Name authority | Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 290. (1789) | M. S. Baker & J. C. Clausen: Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 101. (1948) |
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