Viola selkirkii |
Viola palustris |
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great-spur or long-spur or Selkirk's violet, great-spur violet, Selkirk's violet, violette de Selkirk |
alpine marsh violet, marsh violet, northern marsh or marsh or swamp or alpine marsh violet, northern marsh violet, violette des marais |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 4–15 cm; rhizome slender, not fleshy. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, stoloniferous, 3–21.5 cm; stolons pale, often rooting and leafy at nodes; rhizome slender, fleshy. |
Leaves | basal, 2–12, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1.5–7 cm, not winged, glabrous or pubescent; blade unlobed, usually ovate, rarely orbiculate, 1–5 × 1–5 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to crenulate or serrate, eciliate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces glabrous or sometimes pubescent abaxially, strigose adaxially. |
basal, 2–4, ascending to erect; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1–17 cm, glabrous; blade unlobed, reniform or ovate to orbiculate, 0.5–6.4 × 0.5–5.5 cm, ± as long as wide, base cordate, margins crenulate, eciliate, apex obtuse to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
Peduncles | 3–6 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
2–20.7 cm, glabrous, bracteoles usually below middle in chasmogamous flowers. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and dark violet-veined, lateral 2 beardless, lowest 8–13 mm, spur pale to dark violet, elongated, 4–7 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. |
sepals ovate or lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals lilac, pale blue, or pale violet on both surfaces, sometimes nearly white and tinged with lilac, lowest and sometimes lateral 2 dark violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded or beardless, lowest 8–16 mm, spur usually same color as petals, gibbous, 1–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on ascending peduncles. |
Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 4–8 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | brown, 1–2 mm. |
dark brown, 1–2 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
= 48. |
Viola selkirkii |
Viola palustris |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Wet to moist places, thickets, mixed or coniferous woods | Marshes, swamps, fens, wet forests, stream banks, brushy places, lowlands to subalpine zones |
Elevation | 200–3000 m (700–9800 ft) | 0–1800 m (0–5900 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CO; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; PA; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; Eurasia
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CA; CO; ID; ME; MT; NH; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NL; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; Greenland; Eurasia
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Discussion | Viola selkirkii occurs on the southwestern coast of Greenland, north to 63ºN (L. Brouillet, pers. comm.). Presence of V. selkirkii in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut is considered doubtful (L. Brouillet et al., http://canadensys.net/vascan). K. W. Allred (2008) said that V. selkirkii was considered by W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins (1980) to be expected in New Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola palustris occurs in small colonies; individual plants are interconnected by stolons. When flowering, usually three or more leaves are present per caudex. M. Sorsa (1968) noted that in western North America Viola palustris specimens differ from European V. palustris plants and often show variation in character combinations. She stated (pers. comm.) that North American V. palustris is not a uniform entity. E. Hultén (1968) synonymized Viola palustris with V. epipsila, as did W. J. Cody (2000). G. W. Douglas et al. (1998–2002, vol. 5) recognized both species. We assume that V. palustris does not occur in Alaska; verification is needed. See additional discussion under 18a. V. epipsila var. repens. M. Sorsa (1968) indicated that Viola palustris var. brevipes has often been confused with V. blanda and that var. brevipes may have arisen from hybridization between a tetraploid and a diploid plant. Listed here in synonymy, var. brevipes may warrant recognition. Reports of Viola palustris from one location in Coconino County, Arizona, first collected in 1962, likely refer to V. macloskeyi. Viola palustris hybridizes with V. epipsila var. repens (M. Sorsa 1968; T. Marcussen and T. Karlsson 2010). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 157. | FNA vol. 6, p. 142. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. palustris subsp. brevipes, V. palustris var. brevipes, V. palustris var. leimonia, V. palustris var. pensylvanica, V. palustris subsp. pubifolia | |
Name authority | Pursh ex Goldie: Edinburgh Philos. J. 6: 324. (1822) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 934. (1753) |
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