Viola selkirkii |
Viola labradorica |
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great-spur or long-spur or Selkirk's violet, great-spur violet, Selkirk's violet, violette de Selkirk |
alpine violet, American dog or Labrador or alpine violet, American dog violet, dog violet, Labrador violet, violette du Labrador |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 4–15 cm; rhizome slender, not fleshy. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–20 cm. |
Stems | 1–5, erect (later reclining), glabrous, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal, 2–12, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1.5–7 cm, not winged, glabrous or pubescent; blade unlobed, usually ovate, rarely orbiculate, 1–5 × 1–5 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to crenulate or serrate, eciliate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces glabrous or sometimes pubescent abaxially, strigose adaxially. |
basal and cauline; basal: 1–5; stipules mostly lanceolate-linear, margins usually laciniate with gland-tipped projections, apex acute; petiole 1–9.5 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade reniform or ovate to deltate, 1.4–5.5 × 1.8–5.3 cm, base cordate, not decurrent on petiole, margins crenate or serrate, mostly eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent adaxially near margin; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate to ovate, margins ± entire or laciniate, projections often gland-tipped, apex acuminate; petiole 0.5–3.6 cm, glabrous; blade narrowly ovate to orbiculate, 1.8–2.9 × 1.5–3.1 cm, base deeply cordate to truncate, margins regularly crenate, apex obtuse to broadly rounded or apiculate. |
Peduncles | 3–6 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
5–9 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and dark violet-veined, lateral 2 beardless, lowest 8–13 mm, spur pale to dark violet, elongated, 4–7 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. |
sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles not enlarged in fruit, 1–1.5 mm; petals usually lavender-violet to violet on both surfaces, rarely white, lower 3 white basally, darker violet-veined, lateral 2 sparsely bearded, lowest 9–16 mm, spur white to pinkish violet, elongated, 4–8 mm, tip usually straight, sometimes curved up; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers unknown. |
Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 4–8 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid to ellipsoid, 5–7 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | brown, 1–2 mm. |
beige to bronze, 1.5–2 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
= 20. |
Viola selkirkii |
Viola labradorica |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Apr–Aug. |
Habitat | Wet to moist places, thickets, mixed or coniferous woods | Rich, mesic to wet woods, swamps, bogs |
Elevation | 200–3000 m (700–9800 ft) | 50–3000 m (200–9800 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CO; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; PA; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; Eurasia
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AL; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Greenland
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Discussion | Viola selkirkii occurs on the southwestern coast of Greenland, north to 63ºN (L. Brouillet, pers. comm.). Presence of V. selkirkii in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut is considered doubtful (L. Brouillet et al., http://canadensys.net/vascan). K. W. Allred (2008) said that V. selkirkii was considered by W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins (1980) to be expected in New Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
H. E. Ballard (1994) made a compelling case for including Viola conspersa within V. labradorica, which is followed here. Ballard (1992) did not recognize V. labradorica as occurring in Colorado. Several western herbaria have collections identified as V. labradorica (ASC, CS, KHD, RM, RMBL; http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/index.pho). Labels on some collections at KHD imply that V. labradorica is considered synonymous with V. adunca var. bellidifolia. Viola labradorica reportedly hybridizes with V. adunca, V. rostrata (= V. ×malteana House), and V. striata (= V. ×eclipes H. E. Ballard), and less frequently with V. walteri var. appalachiensis and var. walteri. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 157. | FNA vol. 6, p. 135. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. adunca var. minor, V. canina var. muhlenbergii, V. conspersa, V. leucopetala, V. muhlenbergiana, V. muhlenbergiana var. minor, V. muhlenbergii | |
Name authority | Pursh ex Goldie: Edinburgh Philos. J. 6: 324. (1822) | Schrank: Denkschr. Kõnigl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 1(2): 12. (1818) |
Web links |