Viola selkirkii |
Viola frank-smithii |
|
---|---|---|
great-spur or long-spur or Selkirk's violet, great-spur violet, Selkirk's violet, violette de Selkirk |
Frank Smith violet, Frank-Smith's violet |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 4–15 cm; rhizome slender, not fleshy. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–12.5 cm. |
Stems | 1–4, decumbent or ascending to erect, glabrous, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. |
|
Leaves | basal, 2–12, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1.5–7 cm, not winged, glabrous or pubescent; blade unlobed, usually ovate, rarely orbiculate, 1–5 × 1–5 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to crenulate or serrate, eciliate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces glabrous or sometimes pubescent abaxially, strigose adaxially. |
basal and cauline; basal: 2–3; stipules lanceolate, margins fimbriate, apex acute; petiole 1.5–6(–14) cm, glabrous; blade broadly ovate to deltate, 1.3–2.9(–4.1) × 1.3–2.9 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate, eciliate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: petiole 1.3–6.5 cm; blade 1.1–2.2 × 0.7–1.6 cm. |
Peduncles | 3–6 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
2.5–7(–11.2) cm, glabrous. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and dark violet-veined, lateral 2 beardless, lowest 8–13 mm, spur pale to dark violet, elongated, 4–7 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. |
sepals lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; all petals usually pale purple, sometimes almost white adaxially, lateral 2 and lowest purple-veined, lateral and upper 2 violet abaxially, white basally, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 10–16(–18) mm, spur greenish to pale lime green, gibbous, 1.6–3 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers unknown. |
Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 4–8 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid, 3–7 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | brown, 1–2 mm. |
pale yellow, 2.4–2.8 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
|
Viola selkirkii |
Viola frank-smithii |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Wet to moist places, thickets, mixed or coniferous woods | Cracks, crevices, and narrow ledges of vertical limestone and dolomite rock faces, humid, shady places |
Elevation | 200–3000 m (700–9800 ft) | 1600–2100 m (5200–6900 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CO; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; PA; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; Eurasia
|
UT |
Discussion | Viola selkirkii occurs on the southwestern coast of Greenland, north to 63ºN (L. Brouillet, pers. comm.). Presence of V. selkirkii in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut is considered doubtful (L. Brouillet et al., http://canadensys.net/vascan). K. W. Allred (2008) said that V. selkirkii was considered by W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins (1980) to be expected in New Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Viola frank-smithii is endemic to Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah. N. H. Holmgren (2005d) wrote that it likely has its ancestral ties with V. adunca. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 157. | FNA vol. 6, p. 131. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Pursh ex Goldie: Edinburgh Philos. J. 6: 324. (1822) | N. H. Holmgren: Brittonia 44: 303, fig. 1E – H. (1992) |
Web links |