Viola selkirkii |
Viola bicolor |
|
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great-spur or long-spur or Selkirk's violet, great-spur violet, Selkirk's violet, violette de Selkirk |
field pansy, violette de Rafinesque, wild pansy |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 4–15 cm; rhizome slender, not fleshy. | |
Leaves | basal, 2–12, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1.5–7 cm, not winged, glabrous or pubescent; blade unlobed, usually ovate, rarely orbiculate, 1–5 × 1–5 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to crenulate or serrate, eciliate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces glabrous or sometimes pubescent abaxially, strigose adaxially. |
|
Peduncles | 3–6 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
1–4.5 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and dark violet-veined, lateral 2 beardless, lowest 8–13 mm, spur pale to dark violet, elongated, 4–7 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. |
sepals ovate to lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.5–2 mm; petals white or cream to pale bluish violet on both surfaces, dark purple-veined, lateral 2 longer than sepals, bearded, lowest 8–10 mm, spur white to blue-violet, gibbous, 1–1.5 mm, shorter than or equaling sepal auricles; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 4–8 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid to oblong, 4–7 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | brown, 1–2 mm. |
beige to bronze, 0.3–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
= 34. |
Viola selkirkii |
Viola bicolor |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Wet to moist places, thickets, mixed or coniferous woods | Prairies, open woodlands, fields, pastures, roadsides, lawns, waste ground |
Elevation | 200–3000 m (700–9800 ft) | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CO; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; PA; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; Eurasia
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AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON; SK
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Discussion | Viola selkirkii occurs on the southwestern coast of Greenland, north to 63ºN (L. Brouillet, pers. comm.). Presence of V. selkirkii in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut is considered doubtful (L. Brouillet et al., http://canadensys.net/vascan). K. W. Allred (2008) said that V. selkirkii was considered by W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins (1980) to be expected in New Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola bicolor is the only pansy native to North America (V. B. Baird 1942; J. Clausen et al. 1964; A. E. Radford et al. 1968) and is the only annual Viola species that produces cleistogamous flowers (Baird; A. Gershoy 1934). Roots of V. bicolor have the odor of wintergreen when crushed (W. J. Hayden and J. Clough 1990). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 157. | FNA vol. 6, p. 122. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei, V. rafinesquei | |
Name authority | Pursh ex Goldie: Edinburgh Philos. J. 6: 324. (1822) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 175. (1813) |
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