Viola rotundifolia |
Viola sagittata |
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early yellow or roundleaf yellow violet, round-leaf violet, roundleaf yellow violet, violette à feuilles rondes |
arrow-leaf violet, arrowhead violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 1–20 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–50 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | ||||
Leaves | basal, 2–5, prostrate to ascending, often overlapping basally; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 2–8 cm, pubescent; blade unlobed, orbiculate, reniform, or ovate, 2–12 × 1.5–9 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to serrate, sometimes glandular, ciliate or eciliate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces usually pubescent throughout or concentrated proximally on both surfaces. |
basal, 4–8, ascending to erect; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 2–13 cm, glabrous or pubescent; middle and lateral blade lobes differ in width and/or shape, earliest blades ovate to elliptic, mid-season blades ovate, elliptic, narrowly elliptic to narrowly deltate, 1–8 × 1–5 cm, incised or lobed at base only, base sagittate or hastate, truncate, attenuate, or ± cordate, margins crenate or serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. |
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Peduncles | 1.5–7 cm, usually pubescent. |
3–15 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow on both surfaces, lower 3 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–11 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate or partially subterranean rhizomes or on racemelike, nonrooting, and usually leafless branches growing from rhizome apex. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 2–3 mm; petals light to dark violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally, lowest dark violet-veined, lateral 2 densely bearded, spur on lowest petal occasionally bearded, lowest 10–15 mm, spur light to dark violet, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate, ascending, or erect peduncles. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid, 5–10 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid, 10–14 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | beige, 1–2 mm. |
beige, mottled to bronze, 1.3–2.5 mm. |
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2n | = 12. |
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Viola rotundifolia |
Viola sagittata |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | |||||
Habitat | Rich montane forests and other mesic woodlands | |||||
Elevation | 200–2000 m (700–6600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CT; DE; GA; KY; MA; MD; ME; NC; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; ON; QC
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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Discussion | N. H. Russell (1955b) stated that Viola rotundifolia is a primitive member of Viola and probably one of the ancestral species of stemmed yellow violets of North America. Russell (1965) stated that morphologically, V. rotundifolia is one of the most invariable violets and suggested that its nearest relative is V. orbiculata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 155. | FNA vol. 6, p. 155. | ||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 150. (1803) | Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 287. (1789) | ||||
Web links |