Viola rotundifolia |
Viola nuttallii |
|
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early yellow or roundleaf yellow violet, round-leaf violet, roundleaf yellow violet, violette à feuilles rondes |
Nuttall's or Nuttall's yellow or yellow prairie violet, Nuttall's violet, violette de Nuttall, yellow prairie violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 1–20 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 2–27 cm. |
Stems | 1–6, ascending to erect, leafy proximally and distally, ca. 1/2 subterranean, puberulent, on caudex from usually vertical, subligneous rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal, 2–5, prostrate to ascending, often overlapping basally; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 2–8 cm, pubescent; blade unlobed, orbiculate, reniform, or ovate, 2–12 × 1.5–9 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to serrate, sometimes glandular, ciliate or eciliate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces usually pubescent throughout or concentrated proximally on both surfaces. |
basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear-lanceolate wings, margins entire, apex of each wing free, acute, few-toothed or lobed; petiole 2–17 cm, glabrous or minutely puberulent; blade lanceolate, ovate, or elliptic, 1–9 × 0.6–2.5 cm, base attenuate, margins entire or serrulate, sometimes sinuate, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: stipules adnate to or free from petiole, linear to linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, sometimes leaflike, margins usually entire, rarely laciniate or glandular, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 2–7 cm; blade 1.4–7.2(–10) × 1.1–2.3 cm, length 1.3–4.4 times width, apex acute. |
Peduncles | 1.5–7 cm, usually pubescent. |
3–13 cm, glabrous or puberulent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow on both surfaces, lower 3 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–11 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate or partially subterranean rhizomes or on racemelike, nonrooting, and usually leafless branches growing from rhizome apex. |
sepals linear-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow adaxially or on both surfaces, upper 2 often brownish purple abaxially, lower 3 dark brown- to brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 sparsely bearded, lowest 6–13 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.5–1.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ellipsoid, 5–10 mm, glabrous. |
subglobose to ovoid, 4–10 mm, usually glabrous, rarely finely puberulent. |
Seeds | beige, 1–2 mm. |
medium brown, 2–3.2 mm, elaiosome extending over 1/3 length of seed and completely covering funiculus. |
2n | = 12. |
= 24. |
Viola rotundifolia |
Viola nuttallii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Rich montane forests and other mesic woodlands | Sagebrush flats, prairie grasslands, dry stream banks, juniper woodlands, scree slopes |
Elevation | 200–2000 m (700–6600 ft) | 400–2600 m (1300–8500 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; GA; KY; MA; MD; ME; NC; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; ON; QC
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AZ; CO; ID; KS; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; SD; UT; WY; AB; MB; SK
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Discussion | N. H. Russell (1955b) stated that Viola rotundifolia is a primitive member of Viola and probably one of the ancestral species of stemmed yellow violets of North America. Russell (1965) stated that morphologically, V. rotundifolia is one of the most invariable violets and suggested that its nearest relative is V. orbiculata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
D. M. Fabijan et al. (1987) stated that Viola nuttallii showed no evidence of hybridization even when growing with V. vallicola east of the Rocky Mountains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 155. | FNA vol. 6, p. 140. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Crocion nuttallii | |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 150. (1803) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 174. (1813) |
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