Viola rotundifolia |
Viola bicolor |
|
---|---|---|
early yellow or roundleaf yellow violet, round-leaf violet, roundleaf yellow violet, violette à feuilles rondes |
field pansy, violette de Rafinesque, wild pansy |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 1–20 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | |
Leaves | basal, 2–5, prostrate to ascending, often overlapping basally; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 2–8 cm, pubescent; blade unlobed, orbiculate, reniform, or ovate, 2–12 × 1.5–9 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to serrate, sometimes glandular, ciliate or eciliate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces usually pubescent throughout or concentrated proximally on both surfaces. |
|
Peduncles | 1.5–7 cm, usually pubescent. |
1–4.5 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow on both surfaces, lower 3 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–11 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate or partially subterranean rhizomes or on racemelike, nonrooting, and usually leafless branches growing from rhizome apex. |
sepals ovate to lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.5–2 mm; petals white or cream to pale bluish violet on both surfaces, dark purple-veined, lateral 2 longer than sepals, bearded, lowest 8–10 mm, spur white to blue-violet, gibbous, 1–1.5 mm, shorter than or equaling sepal auricles; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ellipsoid, 5–10 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid to oblong, 4–7 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | beige, 1–2 mm. |
beige to bronze, 0.3–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 12. |
= 34. |
Viola rotundifolia |
Viola bicolor |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Rich montane forests and other mesic woodlands | Prairies, open woodlands, fields, pastures, roadsides, lawns, waste ground |
Elevation | 200–2000 m (700–6600 ft) | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; GA; KY; MA; MD; ME; NC; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; ON; QC
|
AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON; SK
|
Discussion | N. H. Russell (1955b) stated that Viola rotundifolia is a primitive member of Viola and probably one of the ancestral species of stemmed yellow violets of North America. Russell (1965) stated that morphologically, V. rotundifolia is one of the most invariable violets and suggested that its nearest relative is V. orbiculata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola bicolor is the only pansy native to North America (V. B. Baird 1942; J. Clausen et al. 1964; A. E. Radford et al. 1968) and is the only annual Viola species that produces cleistogamous flowers (Baird; A. Gershoy 1934). Roots of V. bicolor have the odor of wintergreen when crushed (W. J. Hayden and J. Clough 1990). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 155. | FNA vol. 6, p. 122. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei, V. rafinesquei | |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 150. (1803) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 175. (1813) |
Web links |