Viola rostrata |
Viola purpurea |
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long-spur violet, violette rostrée |
goosefoot violet, mountain violet, pine violet, purple-mark yellow violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–20 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–25 cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–7, ascending to erect (often declining during anthesis), glabrous, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. |
1–5(–7), decumbent or spreading to erect, leafy proximally and distally, ± glabrous, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–5; stipules lanceolate, margins laciniate, apex acute; petiole 1–9.6 cm, glabrous; blade sometimes purple-spotted abaxially and/or adaxially, reniform to ovate, 1–4.5 × 1–4 cm, base broadly cordate to cordate, margins crenate to serrate, mostly eciliate, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces usually pubescent, mostly adaxially toward base, sometimes glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: petiole 0.4–4 cm; distal cauline blades ovate to deltate, 1–4.5 × 1–4 cm, base cordate, apex acuminate to acute. |
basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear, membranous wings, wing margins entire or laciniate, each wing with lanceolate to ± deltate projection, margins entire or laciniate, apex acute to long-acuminate; petiole 1.8–14.5 cm, puberulent to tomentose; blade purplish, purple-tinted, or gray-green abaxially, gray, green, or gray-green adaxially, sometimes shiny adaxially, ovate, orbiculate, oblong, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.8–5.3 × 0.4–4.1 cm, often fleshy, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, oblique or not, margins usually ± crenate, serrate, dentate, or coarsely or irregularly repand-dentate, sometimes entire, usually ciliate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces glabrous, puberulent, or tomentose; cauline similar to basal except: stipules linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ± oblong to ovate, margins entire, lacerate, or laciniate, usually ciliate, apex sometimes divided into 2–3 filiform processes or obtuse; petiole 0.3–19.7 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate, oblong, elliptic, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.9–5.2 × 0.2–2.9 cm, length 0.8–7.1 times width, margins crenate, serrate, dentate, repand-denticulate, undulate-denticulate, sinuate, undulate, or entire, abaxial surface puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, adaxial surface glabrous, sparsely pubescent, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose. |
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Peduncles | 5–9 cm, usually glabrous. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals pale lavender-violet on both surfaces, all white basally, lower 3 purple-black-veined, all beardless, lowest 8–20 mm, spur white, purple, or lavender-tinged, elongated, 10–20 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid, 4–6 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid to ± spherical, 4–7 mm, puberulent. |
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Seeds | beige to bronze, 1.3–2 mm. |
light to dark brown or mottled gray and brown, 2–3.1 mm. |
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2n | = 20. |
= 12. |
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Viola rostrata |
Viola purpurea |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Rich, mesic to dry, well-drained woodlands, mountains | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 200–1800 m (700–5900 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; GA; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC; e Asia (Japan)
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; nw Mexico
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Discussion | Viola rostrata has the longest spur of any North American Viola species. Viola rostrata reportedly hybridizes with V. labradorica (= V. ×malteana House) and V. striata (= V. ×brauniae Grover ex Cooperrider). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). Varieties of Viola purpurea are variable and intergrade. All are found in California; six occur in other western states, one in Mexico, and one in British Columbia. Mature plants are needed for determination. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 154. | FNA vol. 6, p. 150. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Lophion rostratum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 174. (1813) | Kellogg: Pacific (San Francisco), 2 Feb. 1855: unnumb. (1855) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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