Viola purpurea |
Viola purpurea var. purpurea |
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goosefoot violet, mountain violet, pine violet, purple-mark yellow violet |
goosefoot violet, mountain violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–25 cm. | Plants 3–25 cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–5(–7), decumbent or spreading to erect, leafy proximally and distally, ± glabrous, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
spreading to erect, usually not buried, usually elongated by end of season, ± glabrous or puberulent. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear, membranous wings, wing margins entire or laciniate, each wing with lanceolate to ± deltate projection, margins entire or laciniate, apex acute to long-acuminate; petiole 1.8–14.5 cm, puberulent to tomentose; blade purplish, purple-tinted, or gray-green abaxially, gray, green, or gray-green adaxially, sometimes shiny adaxially, ovate, orbiculate, oblong, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.8–5.3 × 0.4–4.1 cm, often fleshy, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, oblique or not, margins usually ± crenate, serrate, dentate, or coarsely or irregularly repand-dentate, sometimes entire, usually ciliate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces glabrous, puberulent, or tomentose; cauline similar to basal except: stipules linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ± oblong to ovate, margins entire, lacerate, or laciniate, usually ciliate, apex sometimes divided into 2–3 filiform processes or obtuse; petiole 0.3–19.7 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate, oblong, elliptic, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.9–5.2 × 0.2–2.9 cm, length 0.8–7.1 times width, margins crenate, serrate, dentate, repand-denticulate, undulate-denticulate, sinuate, undulate, or entire, abaxial surface puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, adaxial surface glabrous, sparsely pubescent, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose. |
basal: 1–5; petiole 4–11 cm, puberulent; blade purple-tinted abaxially, green adaxially, often shiny, ± orbiculate to widely ovate, 1.6–4.6(–5.3) × 1.6–4.1 cm, ± fleshy, base usually attenuate, sometimes subcordate or truncate, margins irregularly crenate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous or puberulent, hairs sometimes only on veins, adaxial surface usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely puberulent; cauline: petiole 1.5–19.7 cm, usually puberulent; blade ovate, deltate, or lanceolate, 1.2–4.5 × 0.8–2.5 cm, length 1–2.3 times width, base usually attenuate, sometimes ± cordate or truncate, margins crenate-serrate, abaxial surface puberulent (or along veins), adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
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Peduncles | 4.5–10 cm, usually puberulent, sometimes glabrous. |
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Capsules | ovoid to ± spherical, 4–7 mm, puberulent. |
5–6 mm. |
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Seeds | light to dark brown or mottled gray and brown, 2–3.1 mm. |
dark brown, 2.1–2.3 mm. |
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Lowest | petals 10–12 mm. |
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2n | = 12. |
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Viola purpurea |
Viola purpurea var. purpurea |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | In openings or beneath shrubs, usually in yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests or higher | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 200–2900 m (700–9500 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; nw Mexico
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OR; Mexico (Baja California) |
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Discussion | Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). Varieties of Viola purpurea are variable and intergrade. All are found in California; six occur in other western states, one in Mexico, and one in British Columbia. Mature plants are needed for determination. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 150. | FNA vol. 6, p. 151. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola > Viola purpurea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Kellogg: Pacific (San Francisco), 2 Feb. 1855: unnumb. (1855) | unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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