Viola purpurea |
Viola purpurea var. mesophyta |
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goosefoot violet, mountain violet, pine violet, purple-mark yellow violet |
goosefoot violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–25 cm. | Plants 9–18.5 cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–5(–7), decumbent or spreading to erect, leafy proximally and distally, ± glabrous, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
usually erect, usually not buried, elongated by end of season, usually puberulent, sometimes ± glabrous. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear, membranous wings, wing margins entire or laciniate, each wing with lanceolate to ± deltate projection, margins entire or laciniate, apex acute to long-acuminate; petiole 1.8–14.5 cm, puberulent to tomentose; blade purplish, purple-tinted, or gray-green abaxially, gray, green, or gray-green adaxially, sometimes shiny adaxially, ovate, orbiculate, oblong, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.8–5.3 × 0.4–4.1 cm, often fleshy, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, oblique or not, margins usually ± crenate, serrate, dentate, or coarsely or irregularly repand-dentate, sometimes entire, usually ciliate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces glabrous, puberulent, or tomentose; cauline similar to basal except: stipules linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ± oblong to ovate, margins entire, lacerate, or laciniate, usually ciliate, apex sometimes divided into 2–3 filiform processes or obtuse; petiole 0.3–19.7 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate, oblong, elliptic, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.9–5.2 × 0.2–2.9 cm, length 0.8–7.1 times width, margins crenate, serrate, dentate, repand-denticulate, undulate-denticulate, sinuate, undulate, or entire, abaxial surface puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, adaxial surface glabrous, sparsely pubescent, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose. |
basal: 1–5; petiole 2.8–13.8 cm, puberulent; blade purple-tinted abaxially, green adaxially, oblong, ovate-oblong, or lanceolate, 1.7–4.2 × 0.5–2.3 cm, base attenuate, usually oblique, margins usually irregularly repand-dentate to –serrate, sometimes ± entire, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces puberulent; cauline: petiole 0.3–12.3 cm, puberulent; blade lanceolate to ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, 1.5–5.2 × 0.2–1.5 cm, length 3.2–7.1 times width, base attenuate, usually oblique, margins usually undulate-denticulate, sharp-angled, sometimes entire, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces puberulent. |
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Peduncles | 2.6–6.7 cm, glabrous or usually puberulent. |
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Capsules | ovoid to ± spherical, 4–7 mm, puberulent. |
4–5.5 mm. |
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Seeds | light to dark brown or mottled gray and brown, 2–3.1 mm. |
mottled gray and brown, 2.3–2.9 mm. |
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Lowest | petals 7–10 mm. |
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2n | = 12. |
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Viola purpurea |
Viola purpurea var. mesophyta |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Damp, shady areas in lodgepole pine, red and white fir forests | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 1400–3600 m (4600–11800 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; nw Mexico
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CA |
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Discussion | Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). Varieties of Viola purpurea are variable and intergrade. All are found in California; six occur in other western states, one in Mexico, and one in British Columbia. Mature plants are needed for determination. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Variety mesophyta was reported from Oregon by M. E. Peck (1941), but is not currently known there (H. L. Chambers in T. Cook and S. Sundberg, http://www.oregonflora.org/checklist.php). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 150. | FNA vol. 6, p. 152. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola > Viola purpurea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | V. purpurea subsp. mesophyta | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Kellogg: Pacific (San Francisco), 2 Feb. 1855: unnumb. (1855) | (M. S. Baker & J. C. Clausen) J. T. Howell: Mentzelia 1: 8. (1976) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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