Viola purpurea |
Viola purpurea var. aurea |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
goosefoot violet, mountain violet, pine violet, purple-mark yellow violet |
golden violet |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–25 cm. | Plants 4–12 cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–5(–7), decumbent or spreading to erect, leafy proximally and distally, ± glabrous, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
erect or decumbent, mostly buried, not much elongated by end of season, canescent to tomentose. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear, membranous wings, wing margins entire or laciniate, each wing with lanceolate to ± deltate projection, margins entire or laciniate, apex acute to long-acuminate; petiole 1.8–14.5 cm, puberulent to tomentose; blade purplish, purple-tinted, or gray-green abaxially, gray, green, or gray-green adaxially, sometimes shiny adaxially, ovate, orbiculate, oblong, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.8–5.3 × 0.4–4.1 cm, often fleshy, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, oblique or not, margins usually ± crenate, serrate, dentate, or coarsely or irregularly repand-dentate, sometimes entire, usually ciliate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces glabrous, puberulent, or tomentose; cauline similar to basal except: stipules linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ± oblong to ovate, margins entire, lacerate, or laciniate, usually ciliate, apex sometimes divided into 2–3 filiform processes or obtuse; petiole 0.3–19.7 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate, oblong, elliptic, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.9–5.2 × 0.2–2.9 cm, length 0.8–7.1 times width, margins crenate, serrate, dentate, repand-denticulate, undulate-denticulate, sinuate, undulate, or entire, abaxial surface puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, adaxial surface glabrous, sparsely pubescent, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose. |
basal: 1–6; petiole 4.6–9.5 cm, tomentose; blade purplish abaxially, gray adaxially, ovate, oblong, or orbiculate, 1.1–5 × 1–3.4 cm, base attenuate, often oblique, margins coarsely repand-dentate to irregularly crenate or shallowly and irregularly serrate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces tomentose; cauline: petiole 1.5–5.5 cm, tomentose; blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.3–3.7 × 0.7–2 cm, length 0.8–1.4 times width, base attenuate, sometimes oblique, margins usually irregularly serrate, sometimes entire and undulate, apex usually acute, surfaces tomentose. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Peduncles | 2.4–10.5 cm, tomentose. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capsules | ovoid to ± spherical, 4–7 mm, puberulent. |
4–7 mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seeds | light to dark brown or mottled gray and brown, 2–3.1 mm. |
medium brown, 2.5–2.9 mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lowest | petals 8–13 mm. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flowering | Apr–Jun. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pinyon | -juniper woodland, sagebrush (Great Basin); 1000–2300 m; Calif., Nev. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
2n | = 12. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Viola purpurea |
Viola purpurea var. aurea |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Pinyon-juniper woodland, sagebrush (Great Basin) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 1000–2300 m (3300–7500 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; nw Mexico
|
CA; NV |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). Varieties of Viola purpurea are variable and intergrade. All are found in California; six occur in other western states, one in Mexico, and one in British Columbia. Mature plants are needed for determination. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Flowers of var. aurea have been observed to close up in late afternoon, then fully reopen the following morning. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 150. | FNA vol. 6, p. 151. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola > Viola purpurea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | V. aurea, V. purpurea subsp. aurea | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Kellogg: Pacific (San Francisco), 2 Feb. 1855: unnumb. (1855) | (Kellogg) M. S. Baker ex Jepson: Fl. Calif. 2: 521. (1936) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |
|