Viola purpurea |
Viola frank-smithii |
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goosefoot violet, mountain violet, pine violet, purple-mark yellow violet |
Frank Smith violet, Frank-Smith's violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–25 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–12.5 cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–5(–7), decumbent or spreading to erect, leafy proximally and distally, ± glabrous, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
1–4, decumbent or ascending to erect, glabrous, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear, membranous wings, wing margins entire or laciniate, each wing with lanceolate to ± deltate projection, margins entire or laciniate, apex acute to long-acuminate; petiole 1.8–14.5 cm, puberulent to tomentose; blade purplish, purple-tinted, or gray-green abaxially, gray, green, or gray-green adaxially, sometimes shiny adaxially, ovate, orbiculate, oblong, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.8–5.3 × 0.4–4.1 cm, often fleshy, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, oblique or not, margins usually ± crenate, serrate, dentate, or coarsely or irregularly repand-dentate, sometimes entire, usually ciliate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces glabrous, puberulent, or tomentose; cauline similar to basal except: stipules linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ± oblong to ovate, margins entire, lacerate, or laciniate, usually ciliate, apex sometimes divided into 2–3 filiform processes or obtuse; petiole 0.3–19.7 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate, oblong, elliptic, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.9–5.2 × 0.2–2.9 cm, length 0.8–7.1 times width, margins crenate, serrate, dentate, repand-denticulate, undulate-denticulate, sinuate, undulate, or entire, abaxial surface puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, adaxial surface glabrous, sparsely pubescent, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose. |
basal and cauline; basal: 2–3; stipules lanceolate, margins fimbriate, apex acute; petiole 1.5–6(–14) cm, glabrous; blade broadly ovate to deltate, 1.3–2.9(–4.1) × 1.3–2.9 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate, eciliate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: petiole 1.3–6.5 cm; blade 1.1–2.2 × 0.7–1.6 cm. |
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Peduncles | 2.5–7(–11.2) cm, glabrous. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; all petals usually pale purple, sometimes almost white adaxially, lateral 2 and lowest purple-veined, lateral and upper 2 violet abaxially, white basally, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 10–16(–18) mm, spur greenish to pale lime green, gibbous, 1.6–3 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers unknown. |
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Capsules | ovoid to ± spherical, 4–7 mm, puberulent. |
ovoid, 3–7 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | light to dark brown or mottled gray and brown, 2–3.1 mm. |
pale yellow, 2.4–2.8 mm. |
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2n | = 12. |
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Viola purpurea |
Viola frank-smithii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Cracks, crevices, and narrow ledges of vertical limestone and dolomite rock faces, humid, shady places | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 1600–2100 m (5200–6900 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; nw Mexico
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UT |
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Discussion | Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). Varieties of Viola purpurea are variable and intergrade. All are found in California; six occur in other western states, one in Mexico, and one in British Columbia. Mature plants are needed for determination. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Viola frank-smithii is endemic to Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah. N. H. Holmgren (2005d) wrote that it likely has its ancestral ties with V. adunca. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 150. | FNA vol. 6, p. 131. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Kellogg: Pacific (San Francisco), 2 Feb. 1855: unnumb. (1855) | N. H. Holmgren: Brittonia 44: 303, fig. 1E – H. (1992) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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