Flora of North America species comparison

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Viola pinetorum

Viola pinetorum var. pinetorum

goosefoot yellow violet, mountain yellow violet, pine violet
Photo is of parent taxon

goosefoot yellow violet, pine violet
Habit Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–18 cm, cespitose or not. Plants 6.5–18 cm, not cespitose.
Stems

1–3, prostrate or erect, leafy proximally and distally, puberulent or canescent to gray-tomentose, sometimes glabrous, on caudex from subligneous rhizome.

usually puberulent, sometimes glabrous.
Leaves

basal and cauline;

basal: 1–4;

stipules adnate to petiole forming 2 linear-lanceolate wings, margins entire or laciniate, apex of each wing free, tips usually filamentous;

petiole 2.3–9.5 cm, puberulent or canescent;

blade purple-tinted abaxially or not, usually linear to narrowly lanceolate, oblanceolate or obovate, or lanceolate-elliptic, rarely ovate, 1.3–5 × 0.3–2.5 cm, base attenuate, margins usually lacerate, dentate, or serrate, sometimes entire, usually undulate, ciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces puberulent to canescent or gray-tomentose;

cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate, oblanceolate, or linear-oblong, margins entire or lacerate, apex acute to acuminate;

petiole 0.9–8.3 cm;

blade 2.8–9.6 × 0.3–1.4 cm, length 4–11 times width.

basal: petiole (3.2–)4–9.5 cm;

blade usually purple-tinted abaxially, linear or lanceolate-elliptic, rarely ovate, 1.3–5 × 0.7–2.5 cm, margins usually irregularly lacerate, dentate, or serrate, sometimes entire, undulate, surfaces puberulent;

cauline similar to basal except: petiole 1.7–8.3 cm;

blade (2.8–)3.5–9.6 × 0.3–1.4 cm.
Peduncles

2.9–11.5 cm, puberulent or canescent.

3.4–11.5 cm.
Flowers

sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm;

petals deep lemon-yellow adaxially, upper 2 red- to purple-brown abaxially, lower 3 dark brown-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 5–12 mm, spur color same as petals, gibbous, 1.5–3 mm;

style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary.

lowest petal 6–12 mm.
Capsules

ovoid, 3.5–7 mm, puberulent.

Seeds

medium to dark brown, 2–3.5 mm.

2n

= 12.

Viola pinetorum

Viola pinetorum var. pinetorum
Phenology Flowering late May–late Jul.
Habitat Montane slopes, often in moist, eroding soil, often beneath pines and firs in coniferous forests
Elevation 1400–3000 m (4600–9800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Flowers of Viola pinetorum have been observed to close up in late afternoon then fully reopen the following morning.

Although E. O. Wooton and P. C. Standley (1915) reported Viola pinetorum from New Mexico, the plant was probably V. nuttallii. K. W. Allred (2008) noted that V. pinetorum occurs in California; he did not recognize it in New Mexico.

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Viola pinetorum was described from collections made by E. L. Greene in the Tehachapi Mountains of southern California. There are similarities between the elongated leaves of var. pinetorum and those of V. purpurea var. mesophyta. The leaves of var. pinetorum are often twice as long as those of var. mesophyta and margins are usually undulate.

Variety pinetorum has been observed to be pollinated by two unidentified species of solitary bees and by an unidentified species of skipper (Hesperiidae).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Key
1. Plants 6.5–18 cm, not cespitose; basal leaf blades 0.7–2.5 cm wide, surfaces puberulent; peduncles 3.4–11.5 cm.
var. pinetorum
1. Plants 3–7(–9) cm, usually cespitose; basal leaf blades 0.3–1 cm wide, surfaces canescent, sometimes appearing gray-tomentose; peduncles 2.9–6(–7) cm.
var. grisea
Source FNA vol. 6, p. 144. FNA vol. 6, p. 145.
Parent taxa Violaceae > Viola Violaceae > Viola > Viola pinetorum
Sibling taxa
V. adunca, V. affinis, V. arvensis, V. bakeri, V. beckwithii, V. bicolor, V. biflora, V. blanda, V. brittoniana, V. canadensis, V. canina, V. charlestonensis, V. clauseniana, V. cucullata, V. cuneata, V. douglasii, V. egglestonii, V. epipsila, V. flettii, V. frank-smithii, V. glabella, V. guadalupensis, V. hallii, V. hastata, V. hirsutula, V. howellii, V. japonica, V. labradorica, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. lithion, V. lobata, V. macloskeyi, V. missouriensis, V. nephrophylla, V. novae-angliae, V. nuttallii, V. ocellata, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palmata, V. palustris, V. pedata, V. pedatifida, V. pedunculata, V. praemorsa, V. primulifolia, V. prionantha, V. pubescens, V. purpurea, V. quercetorum, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. rostrata, V. rotundifolia, V. sagittata, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. septemloba, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. striata, V. subsinuata, V. tomentosa, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. tripartita, V. umbraticola, V. utahensis, V. vallicola, V. villosa, V. walteri
V. pinetorum var. grisea
Subordinate taxa
V. pinetorum var. grisea, V. pinetorum var. pinetorum
Synonyms V. purpurea var. pinetorum
Name authority Greene: Pittonia 2: 14. (1889) [E]
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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