Viola pinetorum |
Viola japonica |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
goosefoot yellow violet, mountain yellow violet, pine violet |
Japanese violet |
|||||
Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–18 cm, cespitose or not. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–10 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | ||||
Stems | 1–3, prostrate or erect, leafy proximally and distally, puberulent or canescent to gray-tomentose, sometimes glabrous, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
|||||
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–4; stipules adnate to petiole forming 2 linear-lanceolate wings, margins entire or laciniate, apex of each wing free, tips usually filamentous; petiole 2.3–9.5 cm, puberulent or canescent; blade purple-tinted abaxially or not, usually linear to narrowly lanceolate, oblanceolate or obovate, or lanceolate-elliptic, rarely ovate, 1.3–5 × 0.3–2.5 cm, base attenuate, margins usually lacerate, dentate, or serrate, sometimes entire, usually undulate, ciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces puberulent to canescent or gray-tomentose; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate, oblanceolate, or linear-oblong, margins entire or lacerate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.9–8.3 cm; blade 2.8–9.6 × 0.3–1.4 cm, length 4–11 times width. |
basal, ca. 5, ascending to erect; stipules ± oblong, 2-fid, proximal margins entire, distal ± serrate, apex acuminate; petiole narrowly winged distally, 1–14 cm, usually glabrous; blade unlobed, broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, 3–8 × 3–5.5 cm, base cordate, margins crenate, usually eciliate, apex acute or ± obtuse, surfaces sparsely puberulent. |
||||
Peduncles | 2.9–11.5 cm, puberulent or canescent. |
3–6 cm, glabrous or pubescent, bracteoles near middle. |
||||
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow adaxially, upper 2 red- to purple-brown abaxially, lower 3 dark brown-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 5–12 mm, spur color same as petals, gibbous, 1.5–3 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
sepals broadly lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 6–8 mm; petals light violet or whitish violet on both surfaces, lowest 3 occasionally white basally, often dark violet-veined, lateral 2 sparsely bearded or beardless, lowest 17–20 mm, spur pale to dark violet, elongated, 5–10 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers present. |
||||
Capsules | ovoid, 3.5–7 mm, puberulent. |
ellipsoid, 8–10 mm, glabrous. |
||||
Seeds | medium to dark brown, 2–3.5 mm. |
unknown. |
||||
Gardens | and ruderal areas; 10–50 m; introduced; Mass.; Asia (China, Japan, Korea). |
|||||
2n | = 12. |
= 48.Flowering Apr–Jun. |
||||
Viola pinetorum |
Viola japonica |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Gardens and ruderal areas | |||||
Elevation | 10–50 m (0–200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA
|
MA; Asia (China, Japan, Korea) [Introduced in North America] |
||||
Discussion | Flowers of Viola pinetorum have been observed to close up in late afternoon then fully reopen the following morning. Although E. O. Wooton and P. C. Standley (1915) reported Viola pinetorum from New Mexico, the plant was probably V. nuttallii. K. W. Allred (2008) noted that V. pinetorum occurs in California; he did not recognize it in New Mexico. Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 144. | FNA vol. 6, p. 134. | ||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | V. purpurea var. pinetorum | |||||
Name authority | Greene: Pittonia 2: 14. (1889) | Langsdorff ex Gingins: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 295. (1824) | ||||
Web links |