Viola pedunculata
Viola rostrata
California golden violet, johnny-jump-up, wild pansy, yellow pansy
long-spur violet, violette rostrée
1–10+, decumbent, ascending, or erect, leafy proximally and distally, glabrous or puberulent, from shallow to deep-seated, enlarged rhizome with fleshy to subligneous roots.
1–7, ascending to erect (often declining during anthesis), glabrous, on caudex from fleshy rhizome.
cauline;
stipules ovate, linear-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, sometimes leaflike, margins entire or glandular-toothed, apex acute to acuminate;
petiole 2.7–7.2 cm, usually finely puberulent, sometimes glabrate;
blade deltate to ovate, 1–5.5 × 1–5.5 cm, base truncate, subcordate, or attenuate, margins crenate to serrate, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces subglabrous or sparsely puberulent.
basal and cauline;
basal: 1–5;
stipules lanceolate, margins laciniate, apex acute;
petiole 1–9.6 cm, glabrous;
blade sometimes purple-spotted abaxially and/or adaxially, reniform to ovate, 1–4.5 × 1–4 cm, base broadly cordate to cordate, margins crenate to serrate, mostly eciliate, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces usually pubescent, mostly adaxially toward base, sometimes glabrous;
cauline similar to basal except: petiole 0.4–4 cm;
distal cauline blades ovate to deltate, 1–4.5 × 1–4 cm, base cordate, apex acuminate to acute.
2.9–20 cm, sparsely to densely puberulent.
5–9 cm, usually glabrous.
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–3 mm;
petals golden yellow adaxially, upper 2 reddish brown abaxially, lower 3 dark brown-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 10–20 mm, spur dark reddish brown, gibbous, 2–4 mm;
style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers absent.
sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm;
petals pale lavender-violet on both surfaces, all white basally, lower 3 purple-black-veined, all beardless, lowest 8–20 mm, spur white, purple, or lavender-tinged, elongated, 10–20 mm;
style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers axillary.
ellipsoid, 5–11 mm, glabrous.
ellipsoid, 4–6 mm, glabrous.
dark brown or black, shiny, 2.7 mm.
beige to bronze, 1.3–2 mm.
= 12.
= 20.
Viola pedunculata
Viola rostrata
The stems of Viola pedunculata arise from an enlarged, subterranean, spongy or fibrous rhizome. Often, these rhizome structures are deep seated; it is unknown how they get so deeply buried. The anther appendages of V. pedunculata are hairy distally, a characteristic not known to occur in other members of the V. purpurea complex.
Larvae of the federally listed Callippe silverspot butterfly [Speyeria callippe (Boisduval) callippe] feed only on Viola pedunculata.
Plants with leaves reported to be smaller, thinner, deltate, mostly longer than wide, with yellow petals (versus orange for Viola pedunculata var. pedunculata), style 2.1 mm (versus 2.9 mm for var. pedunculata), from the Pinnacles region in San Benito County, California, have been called subsp. tenuifolia.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Viola rostrata has the longest spur of any North American Viola species.
Viola rostrata reportedly hybridizes with V. labradorica (= V. ×malteana House) and V. striata (= V. ×brauniae Grover ex Cooperrider).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
CA
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iNaturalist
USDA Plants Database
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MD Biodiversity
MI Flora
