Viola pedatifida
Viola labradorica
crow-foot violet, prairie or crowfoot or larkspur violet, prairie violet, violette pédatifide
alpine violet, American dog or Labrador or alpine violet, American dog violet, dog violet, Labrador violet, violette du Labrador
1–5, erect (later reclining), glabrous, on caudex from subligneous rhizome.
basal, 2–11, ascending to erect, 5–9-lobed;
stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute;
petiole 3–16 cm, pubescent;
blade similar in width and shape, lobes lanceolate, spatulate, falcate, or linear, 1–7 × 2–8 cm, base truncate to reniform, margins entire, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces pubescent, hairs sometimes concentrated on veins.
basal and cauline;
basal: 1–5;
stipules mostly lanceolate-linear, margins usually laciniate with gland-tipped projections, apex acute;
petiole 1–9.5 cm, glabrous or puberulent;
blade reniform or ovate to deltate, 1.4–5.5 × 1.8–5.3 cm, base cordate, not decurrent on petiole, margins crenate or serrate, mostly eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent adaxially near margin;
cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate to ovate, margins ± entire or laciniate, projections often gland-tipped, apex acuminate;
petiole 0.5–3.6 cm, glabrous;
blade narrowly ovate to orbiculate, 1.8–2.9 × 1.5–3.1 cm, base deeply cordate to truncate, margins regularly crenate, apex obtuse to broadly rounded or apiculate.
5–18 cm, glabrous or pubescent.
5–9 cm, glabrous or pubescent.
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm;
petals light to soft reddish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally, dark violet-veined, lateral 2 and lowest usually bearded, lowest 10–25 mm, spur same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm;
style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on ascending to erect peduncles.
sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles not enlarged in fruit, 1–1.5 mm;
petals usually lavender-violet to violet on both surfaces, rarely white, lower 3 white basally, darker violet-veined, lateral 2 sparsely bearded, lowest 9–16 mm, spur white to pinkish violet, elongated, 4–8 mm, tip usually straight, sometimes curved up;
style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers unknown.
ellipsoid, 10–15 mm, glabrous.
ovoid to ellipsoid, 5–7 mm, glabrous.
beige, mottled to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm.
beige to bronze, 1.5–2 mm.
= 54.
= 20.
Viola pedatifida
Viola labradorica
Viola pedatifida was reported historically from, and recently rediscovered in, the Appalachian shale barrens of Virginia (T. Wieboldt, pers. comm.).
Viola pedatifida reportedly hybridizes with V. sororia (= V. ×bernardii Greene).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
H. E. Ballard (1994) made a compelling case for including Viola conspersa within V. labradorica, which is followed here. Ballard (1992) did not recognize V. labradorica as occurring in Colorado. Several western herbaria have collections identified as V. labradorica (ASC, CS, KHD, RM, RMBL; http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/index.pho). Labels on some collections at KHD imply that V. labradorica is considered synonymous with V. adunca var. bellidifolia.
Viola labradorica reportedly hybridizes with V. adunca, V. rostrata (= V. ×malteana House), and V. striata (= V. ×eclipes H. E. Ballard), and less frequently with V. walteri var. appalachiensis and var. walteri.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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