Viola pedatifida |
Viola cuneata |
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crow-foot violet, prairie or crowfoot or larkspur violet, prairie violet, violette pédatifide |
northern two-eyed or wedge-leaf violet, northern two-eyed violet, wedge-leaf violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–30 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 2–25 cm. |
Stems | 1–3, usually erect, sometimes prostrate or ascending, glabrous, from shallow, fleshy rhizome or deep-seated caudex with fleshy roots. |
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Leaves | basal, 2–11, ascending to erect, 5–9-lobed; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 3–16 cm, pubescent; blade similar in width and shape, lobes lanceolate, spatulate, falcate, or linear, 1–7 × 2–8 cm, base truncate to reniform, margins entire, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces pubescent, hairs sometimes concentrated on veins. |
basal and cauline; basal: 2–6; stipules lanceolate, margins entire or gland-toothed, apex acute; petiole 4.5–9.8 cm, glabrous; blade purple-veined, orbiculate-ovate to deltate, 1–4 × 2.7–3.8 cm, usually shiny, leathery, base cuneate, margins serrate, eciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate to ovate, margins entire or erose to lacerate, with or without gland-tipped processes, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.5–20 cm; blade usually rhombic, sometimes orbiculate, 0.9–2.6 × 0.7–1.8 cm, margins crenate to ± serrate, apex acute to obtuse. |
Peduncles | 5–18 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
1–10.5 cm, glabrous. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light to soft reddish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally, dark violet-veined, lateral 2 and lowest usually bearded, lowest 10–25 mm, spur same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on ascending to erect peduncles. |
sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep reddish violet abaxially, white adaxially, upper 2 sometimes with purple patch basally, lateral 2 with purple patch basally beyond smaller yellow area, usually bearded, sometimes beardless, lowest purple-veined with yellow area basally, 8–14 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ellipsoid, 10–15 mm, glabrous. |
± spherical, 5–9 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | beige, mottled to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
deep brown-purple, 2.1–3 mm. |
2n | = 54. |
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Viola pedatifida |
Viola cuneata |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering Mar–Sep. |
Habitat | Prairies, grasslands, disturbed ground, dry gravelly hills | Open pine or oak forests, often serpentine soil |
Elevation | 500–1000 m (1600–3300 ft) | 600–2200 m (2000–7200 ft) |
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CO; IA; IL; IN; KS; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OH; OK; SD; VA; WI; WY; AB; MB; ON; SK
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Viola pedatifida was reported historically from, and recently rediscovered in, the Appalachian shale barrens of Virginia (T. Wieboldt, pers. comm.). Viola pedatifida reportedly hybridizes with V. sororia (= V. ×bernardii Greene). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola cuneata often occurs on serpentine-derived soil and is closely related to V. flettii, V. hallii, and V. ocellata (V. B. Baird 1942). Originally described as beardless by Watson, the lateral petals of flowers in the same population can be prominently bearded or essentially beardless. The cauline blades of Viola cuneata are often vertical, especially early in season. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 144. | FNA vol. 6, p. 129. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. delphiniifolia, V. palmata var. pedatifida | |
Name authority | G. Don: Gen. Hist. 1: 320. (1831) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 290. (1879) |
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