Viola pedatifida |
Viola canadensis |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
crow-foot violet, prairie or crowfoot or larkspur violet, prairie violet, violette pédatifide |
Canada violet, Canada white violet, Canadian violet, Canadian white violet, rugose violet |
|||||||||
Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–30 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–46(–60) cm, with branching rhizomes forming colonies or not. | ||||||||
Stems | 1–3(4), usually erect to ascending, glabrous or puberulent, from fleshy or subligneous rhizome. |
|||||||||
Leaves | basal, 2–11, ascending to erect, 5–9-lobed; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 3–16 cm, pubescent; blade similar in width and shape, lobes lanceolate, spatulate, falcate, or linear, 1–7 × 2–8 cm, base truncate to reniform, margins entire, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces pubescent, hairs sometimes concentrated on veins. |
basal and cauline; basal: 1–5; stipules ± oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, margins entire, sometimes glandular, apex acuminate to cuspidate; petiole 1.1–23 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate to broadly ovate or ovate-reniform, 0.7–12.4 × 0.9–11.1(–12.3) cm, base cordate, subcordate, or truncate, margins crenate, crenulate, or serrulate, ciliate (sometimes only on proximal 1/2) or eciliate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent (often only on veins); cauline similar to basal except: stipules also deltate, margins also erose or laciniate, apex acute, long-acuminate to cuspidate, or ± truncate, occasionally 2- or 3-fid; petiole 0.1–6.9(–15.2) cm; blade ovate to deltate, 1.2–7.7 × 0.8–7.8 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate or crenulate to ± serrulate. |
||||||||
Peduncles | 5–18 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
1–6.1 cm, glabrate to puberulent, sometimes glabrous below bracteoles. |
||||||||
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light to soft reddish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally, dark violet-veined, lateral 2 and lowest usually bearded, lowest 10–25 mm, spur same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on ascending to erect peduncles. |
sepals lanceolate, margins usually eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.3 mm; petals white adaxially, upper 2 and lower 3 tinged soft reddish violet abaxially, rarely white on both surfaces, all petals usually with yellow patch basally, lower 3 usually purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 5.5–20 mm, spur white, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary or absent. |
||||||||
Capsules | ellipsoid, 10–15 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid to ellipsoid, 2.5–10 mm, sometimes muriculate, glabrous or puberulent. |
||||||||
Seeds | beige, mottled to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
brown to dark brown or purplish black, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
||||||||
2n | = 54. |
|||||||||
Viola pedatifida |
Viola canadensis |
|||||||||
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | |||||||||
Habitat | Prairies, grasslands, disturbed ground, dry gravelly hills | |||||||||
Elevation | 500–1000 m (1600–3300 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CO; IA; IL; IN; KS; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OH; OK; SD; VA; WI; WY; AB; MB; ON; SK
|
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
|
||||||||
Discussion | Viola pedatifida was reported historically from, and recently rediscovered in, the Appalachian shale barrens of Virginia (T. Wieboldt, pers. comm.). Viola pedatifida reportedly hybridizes with V. sororia (= V. ×bernardii Greene). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 144. | FNA vol. 6, p. 125. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | V. delphiniifolia, V. palmata var. pedatifida | |||||||||
Name authority | G. Don: Gen. Hist. 1: 320. (1831) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 936. (1753) | ||||||||
Web links |
|