Viola pedatifida |
Viola bicolor |
|
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crow-foot violet, prairie or crowfoot or larkspur violet, prairie violet, violette pédatifide |
field pansy, violette de Rafinesque, wild pansy |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–30 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | |
Leaves | basal, 2–11, ascending to erect, 5–9-lobed; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 3–16 cm, pubescent; blade similar in width and shape, lobes lanceolate, spatulate, falcate, or linear, 1–7 × 2–8 cm, base truncate to reniform, margins entire, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces pubescent, hairs sometimes concentrated on veins. |
|
Peduncles | 5–18 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
1–4.5 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light to soft reddish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally, dark violet-veined, lateral 2 and lowest usually bearded, lowest 10–25 mm, spur same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on ascending to erect peduncles. |
sepals ovate to lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.5–2 mm; petals white or cream to pale bluish violet on both surfaces, dark purple-veined, lateral 2 longer than sepals, bearded, lowest 8–10 mm, spur white to blue-violet, gibbous, 1–1.5 mm, shorter than or equaling sepal auricles; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ellipsoid, 10–15 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid to oblong, 4–7 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | beige, mottled to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
beige to bronze, 0.3–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 54. |
= 34. |
Viola pedatifida |
Viola bicolor |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Prairies, grasslands, disturbed ground, dry gravelly hills | Prairies, open woodlands, fields, pastures, roadsides, lawns, waste ground |
Elevation | 500–1000 m (1600–3300 ft) | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) |
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CO; IA; IL; IN; KS; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OH; OK; SD; VA; WI; WY; AB; MB; ON; SK
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AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON; SK
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Discussion | Viola pedatifida was reported historically from, and recently rediscovered in, the Appalachian shale barrens of Virginia (T. Wieboldt, pers. comm.). Viola pedatifida reportedly hybridizes with V. sororia (= V. ×bernardii Greene). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola bicolor is the only pansy native to North America (V. B. Baird 1942; J. Clausen et al. 1964; A. E. Radford et al. 1968) and is the only annual Viola species that produces cleistogamous flowers (Baird; A. Gershoy 1934). Roots of V. bicolor have the odor of wintergreen when crushed (W. J. Hayden and J. Clough 1990). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 144. | FNA vol. 6, p. 122. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. delphiniifolia, V. palmata var. pedatifida | V. kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei, V. rafinesquei |
Name authority | G. Don: Gen. Hist. 1: 320. (1831) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 175. (1813) |
Web links |