Viola pedata |
Viola pedata var. ranunculifolia |
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bird-foot violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–30 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | |||||
Leaves | basal, 4–10, ascending to erect, deeply divided; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, lacerate, or shallowly divided, apex acute; petiole 2–12 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; blade 3–9(–10)-lobed, lobes similar in width and shape, spatulate, lanceolate ± linear, deltate, or ovate, 1–4 × 1–4 cm, base attenuate or broadly cordate to cuneate, margins entire, ciliate or eciliate, apex rounded to usually acute, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent on abaxial veins. |
blades ovate to narrowly elliptic, 3–5(–10)-lobed, lobes deltate or ovate, base cuneate, apex rounded to acute. |
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Peduncles | 5–12 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins mostly ciliate, at least proximally, auricles 1–2 mm; petals uniformly light to dark blue-violet on both surfaces or upper 2 darker adaxially, sometimes white, upper and lateral 2 often darker basally, lowest, seldom others, dark violet-veined, all beardless, lowest white basally, 12–24 mm, spur white, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers absent. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | beige, mottled to brown, 1.4–3 mm. |
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2n | = 56. |
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Viola pedata |
Viola pedata var. ranunculifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy, open woods | |||||
Elevation | 50–200 m (200–700 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
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NC; SC |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Variety ranunculifolia is apparently endemic to the Fall Line Sandhill physiographic province of South Carolina and North Carolina. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 143. | FNA vol. 6, p. 143. | ||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola > Viola pedata | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | V. ranunculifolia | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 933. (1753) | Gingins: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 291. (1824) | ||||
Web links |