Viola pedata |
Viola canadensis |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bird-foot violet |
Canada violet, Canada white violet, Canadian violet, Canadian white violet, rugose violet |
|||||||||||||
Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–30 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–46(–60) cm, with branching rhizomes forming colonies or not. | ||||||||||||
Stems | 1–3(4), usually erect to ascending, glabrous or puberulent, from fleshy or subligneous rhizome. |
|||||||||||||
Leaves | basal, 4–10, ascending to erect, deeply divided; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, lacerate, or shallowly divided, apex acute; petiole 2–12 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; blade 3–9(–10)-lobed, lobes similar in width and shape, spatulate, lanceolate ± linear, deltate, or ovate, 1–4 × 1–4 cm, base attenuate or broadly cordate to cuneate, margins entire, ciliate or eciliate, apex rounded to usually acute, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent on abaxial veins. |
basal and cauline; basal: 1–5; stipules ± oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, margins entire, sometimes glandular, apex acuminate to cuspidate; petiole 1.1–23 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate to broadly ovate or ovate-reniform, 0.7–12.4 × 0.9–11.1(–12.3) cm, base cordate, subcordate, or truncate, margins crenate, crenulate, or serrulate, ciliate (sometimes only on proximal 1/2) or eciliate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent (often only on veins); cauline similar to basal except: stipules also deltate, margins also erose or laciniate, apex acute, long-acuminate to cuspidate, or ± truncate, occasionally 2- or 3-fid; petiole 0.1–6.9(–15.2) cm; blade ovate to deltate, 1.2–7.7 × 0.8–7.8 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate or crenulate to ± serrulate. |
||||||||||||
Peduncles | 5–12 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
1–6.1 cm, glabrate to puberulent, sometimes glabrous below bracteoles. |
||||||||||||
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins mostly ciliate, at least proximally, auricles 1–2 mm; petals uniformly light to dark blue-violet on both surfaces or upper 2 darker adaxially, sometimes white, upper and lateral 2 often darker basally, lowest, seldom others, dark violet-veined, all beardless, lowest white basally, 12–24 mm, spur white, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers absent. |
sepals lanceolate, margins usually eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.3 mm; petals white adaxially, upper 2 and lower 3 tinged soft reddish violet abaxially, rarely white on both surfaces, all petals usually with yellow patch basally, lower 3 usually purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 5.5–20 mm, spur white, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary or absent. |
||||||||||||
Capsules | ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid to ellipsoid, 2.5–10 mm, sometimes muriculate, glabrous or puberulent. |
||||||||||||
Seeds | beige, mottled to brown, 1.4–3 mm. |
brown to dark brown or purplish black, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
||||||||||||
2n | = 56. |
|||||||||||||
Viola pedata |
Viola canadensis |
|||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
|
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
|
||||||||||||
Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||
Key |
|
|
||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 143. | FNA vol. 6, p. 125. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 933. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 936. (1753) | ||||||||||||
Web links |
|