Viola lobata |
Viola sempervirens |
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moose horn violet, pine violet, yellow wood violet |
evergreen violet, redwood violet, redwoods violet, trailing yellow violet, violette toujours verte |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–46 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, stoloniferous, 10–30 cm; stolons green or reddish, leafy, sometimes rooting at nodes, becoming lignified in age. | ||||
Stems | 1–3, erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or puberulent, from subligneous rhizome. |
1–5, prostrate, spreading, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, from current and/or previous year’s growth, on usually vertical, fleshy rhizome, rooting and forming rosettes at or near tip; rooted rosettes often develop into an erect, fleshy caudex from which new stems are produced. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 0–2, unlobed or palmately 3–11-lobed; stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins ± entire or serrate, apex acute; petiole 5–27 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade sometimes glaucous, deltate to reniform, 3.5–8.5 × 4.5–13.5 cm, base cordate, truncate, or attenuate, margins on unlobed leaves coarsely dentate-serrate, margins on lobed leaves usually entire, sometimes few-toothed, ciliate (sometimes only proximal 1/2) or eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: distal on naked stems, unlobed and divided leaves can occur on same plant, if divided, palmately 3–12-lobed; stipules sometimes large and ± leaflike, margins entire, lacerate, or laciniate, sometimes with gland-tipped projections, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.2–8.8 cm; blade reniform to reniform-cordate, ± ovate, deltate, or rhombic, 1.5–5.5 × 1.4–10 cm, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, margins entire, crenate-serrate, or dentate, or coarsely lacerate to deeply serrate, often entire distally, ciliate or rarely eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, often long-tapered, mucronulate. |
evergreen, basal and cauline; basal: 1–6(–10); stipules deltate to ovate or linear-lanceolate, margins entire or glandular-toothed, apex acute to long-acuminate; petiole 2–16 cm, glabrous; blade often purple-spotted abaxially and/or adaxially, orbiculate to ovate, 1–4.5 × 2–3.9 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate, eciliate, apex blunt to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or with scattered bristles on one or both surfaces; cauline similar to basal except: stipules deltate to lanceolate, margins entire or sparingly toothed; petiole 0.3–3 cm; blade 1.2–2.2 × 1.2–2 cm. |
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Peduncles | 2–13 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
5–10 cm, glabrous. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.1–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow adaxially, usually upper 2 and sometimes lateral 2 brownish purple abaxially, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined basally, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–19 mm, spur yellow to greenish, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals lemon-yellow on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–17 mm, spur yellow or whitish, gibbous, 1–2.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid-ovoid, 6–16 mm, glabrous. |
mottled with purple, spherical to ovoid, 5–8 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | light brown, blotched or streaked with brown, shiny, 2.1–2.7 mm. |
brown, tinged purple, 2–2.5 mm. |
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2n | = 12. |
= 24, 48. |
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Viola lobata |
Viola sempervirens |
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Phenology | Flowering Jan–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Redwood forests, other coastal forests, Douglas fir, other coniferous forests | |||||
Elevation | 30–1400 m (100–4600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; nw Mexico
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AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). V. B. Baird (1942) noted that Viola lobata was more closely related to V. tripartita than to any western Viola. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In California, Viola sempervirens occurs in shaded redwood forests and other coastal forest habitats. In Oregon and Washington, it occurs in Douglas fir and other coniferous forests, where it can form mats (clones) one meter or more in diameter; its prostrate, spreading growth habit is similar to V. walteri. The leafy stems of V. sempervirens are similar to the leafy stolons of V. odorata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 137. | FNA vol. 6, p. 157. | ||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | V. sarmentosa, V. sempervirens subsp. orbiculoides | |||||
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 298. (1849) | Greene: Pittonia 4: 8. (1899) | ||||
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