Viola lobata |
Viola quercetorum |
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moose horn violet, pine violet, yellow wood violet |
goosefoot violet, goosefoot yellow violet, oakwoods violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–46 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 4–25(–34.5) cm. | ||||
Stems | 1–3, erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or puberulent, from subligneous rhizome. |
1–5, spreading to erect, leafy proximally and distally, usually elongated by end of season, puberulent to canescent, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 0–2, unlobed or palmately 3–11-lobed; stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins ± entire or serrate, apex acute; petiole 5–27 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade sometimes glaucous, deltate to reniform, 3.5–8.5 × 4.5–13.5 cm, base cordate, truncate, or attenuate, margins on unlobed leaves coarsely dentate-serrate, margins on lobed leaves usually entire, sometimes few-toothed, ciliate (sometimes only proximal 1/2) or eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: distal on naked stems, unlobed and divided leaves can occur on same plant, if divided, palmately 3–12-lobed; stipules sometimes large and ± leaflike, margins entire, lacerate, or laciniate, sometimes with gland-tipped projections, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.2–8.8 cm; blade reniform to reniform-cordate, ± ovate, deltate, or rhombic, 1.5–5.5 × 1.4–10 cm, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, margins entire, crenate-serrate, or dentate, or coarsely lacerate to deeply serrate, often entire distally, ciliate or rarely eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, often long-tapered, mucronulate. |
basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear, membranous wings, each wing with lanceolate to ± deltate projection, margins entire or laciniate, apex usually long-acuminate or divided into narrow, filiform processes; petiole 1.9–9.5 cm, puberulent; blade usually grayish green to whitish, sometimes ± purple-tinted abaxially, green to grayish green adaxially, ± ovate to ± orbiculate, deltate, pandurate, or broadly brownish purple abaxially, lower 3 dark brown-veined, lateral 2 sparsely to densely bearded, lowest 10–16 mm, spur yellow to reddish brown, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
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Peduncles | 2–13 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.1–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow adaxially, usually upper 2 and sometimes lateral 2 brownish purple abaxially, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined basally, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–19 mm, spur yellow to greenish, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid-ovoid, 6–16 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid to ellipsoid, 8–12 mm, puberulent. |
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Seeds | light brown, blotched or streaked with brown, shiny, 2.1–2.7 mm. |
medium brown, ± 2.7 mm. |
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2n | = 12. |
= 24. |
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Viola lobata |
Viola quercetorum |
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Phenology | Flowering Feb–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Dry, grassy or brushy slopes, chaparral, in or lower than yellow pine forests | |||||
Elevation | 300–2000 m (1000–6600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; nw Mexico
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CA; OR |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). V. B. Baird (1942) noted that Viola lobata was more closely related to V. tripartita than to any western Viola. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Herbarium specimens of Viola quercetorum and V. purpurea var. purpurea can be difficult to distinguish; pressing obliterates the undulate leaf margins of V. quercetorum. In Oregon, most collections of V. quercetorum are from yellow pine forests (A. Liston, pers. comm.). Viola quercetorum hybridizes with V. douglasii (J. Clausen 1964). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 137. | FNA vol. 6, p. 153. | ||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | V. purpurea subsp. quercetorum | |||||
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 298. (1849) | M. S. Baker & J. C. Clausen: Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 101. (1948) | ||||
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