Viola lobata |
Viola frank-smithii |
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moose horn violet, pine violet, yellow wood violet |
Frank Smith violet, Frank-Smith's violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–46 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–12.5 cm. | ||||
Stems | 1–3, erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or puberulent, from subligneous rhizome. |
1–4, decumbent or ascending to erect, glabrous, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 0–2, unlobed or palmately 3–11-lobed; stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins ± entire or serrate, apex acute; petiole 5–27 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade sometimes glaucous, deltate to reniform, 3.5–8.5 × 4.5–13.5 cm, base cordate, truncate, or attenuate, margins on unlobed leaves coarsely dentate-serrate, margins on lobed leaves usually entire, sometimes few-toothed, ciliate (sometimes only proximal 1/2) or eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: distal on naked stems, unlobed and divided leaves can occur on same plant, if divided, palmately 3–12-lobed; stipules sometimes large and ± leaflike, margins entire, lacerate, or laciniate, sometimes with gland-tipped projections, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.2–8.8 cm; blade reniform to reniform-cordate, ± ovate, deltate, or rhombic, 1.5–5.5 × 1.4–10 cm, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, margins entire, crenate-serrate, or dentate, or coarsely lacerate to deeply serrate, often entire distally, ciliate or rarely eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, often long-tapered, mucronulate. |
basal and cauline; basal: 2–3; stipules lanceolate, margins fimbriate, apex acute; petiole 1.5–6(–14) cm, glabrous; blade broadly ovate to deltate, 1.3–2.9(–4.1) × 1.3–2.9 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate, eciliate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: petiole 1.3–6.5 cm; blade 1.1–2.2 × 0.7–1.6 cm. |
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Peduncles | 2–13 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
2.5–7(–11.2) cm, glabrous. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.1–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow adaxially, usually upper 2 and sometimes lateral 2 brownish purple abaxially, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined basally, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–19 mm, spur yellow to greenish, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
sepals lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; all petals usually pale purple, sometimes almost white adaxially, lateral 2 and lowest purple-veined, lateral and upper 2 violet abaxially, white basally, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 10–16(–18) mm, spur greenish to pale lime green, gibbous, 1.6–3 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers unknown. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid-ovoid, 6–16 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid, 3–7 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | light brown, blotched or streaked with brown, shiny, 2.1–2.7 mm. |
pale yellow, 2.4–2.8 mm. |
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2n | = 12. |
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Viola lobata |
Viola frank-smithii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Cracks, crevices, and narrow ledges of vertical limestone and dolomite rock faces, humid, shady places | |||||
Elevation | 1600–2100 m (5200–6900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; nw Mexico
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UT |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). V. B. Baird (1942) noted that Viola lobata was more closely related to V. tripartita than to any western Viola. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Viola frank-smithii is endemic to Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah. N. H. Holmgren (2005d) wrote that it likely has its ancestral ties with V. adunca. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 137. | FNA vol. 6, p. 131. | ||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 298. (1849) | N. H. Holmgren: Brittonia 44: 303, fig. 1E – H. (1992) | ||||
Web links |