Viola lobata |
Viola clauseniana |
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moose horn violet, pine violet, yellow wood violet |
Clausen's violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–46 cm. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–20 cm; rhizome short, slender, fleshy. | ||||
Stems | 1–3, erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or puberulent, from subligneous rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 0–2, unlobed or palmately 3–11-lobed; stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins ± entire or serrate, apex acute; petiole 5–27 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade sometimes glaucous, deltate to reniform, 3.5–8.5 × 4.5–13.5 cm, base cordate, truncate, or attenuate, margins on unlobed leaves coarsely dentate-serrate, margins on lobed leaves usually entire, sometimes few-toothed, ciliate (sometimes only proximal 1/2) or eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: distal on naked stems, unlobed and divided leaves can occur on same plant, if divided, palmately 3–12-lobed; stipules sometimes large and ± leaflike, margins entire, lacerate, or laciniate, sometimes with gland-tipped projections, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.2–8.8 cm; blade reniform to reniform-cordate, ± ovate, deltate, or rhombic, 1.5–5.5 × 1.4–10 cm, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, margins entire, crenate-serrate, or dentate, or coarsely lacerate to deeply serrate, often entire distally, ciliate or rarely eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, often long-tapered, mucronulate. |
basal, 2–10, often prostrate, sometimes ascending; stipules narrowly lanceolate, margins faintly glandular-toothed, apex acute or obtuse; petiole 5–11 cm, glabrous; blade unlobed, ± deltate, 3–5 × 4–5 cm, base ± truncate, margins serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex obtuse, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely pubescent abaxially. |
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Peduncles | 2–13 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
8–14 cm, glabrous. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.1–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow adaxially, usually upper 2 and sometimes lateral 2 brownish purple abaxially, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined basally, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–19 mm, spur yellow to greenish, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins eciliate or ciliate around auricles, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light violet on both surfaces, lower 3 purple-veined, all beardless, lowest petal 8–20 mm, spur white, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid-ovoid, 6–16 mm, glabrous. |
oblong, 8–10 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | light brown, blotched or streaked with brown, shiny, 2.1–2.7 mm. |
dark brown to black, 1.2–2 mm. |
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2n | = 12. |
= 44. |
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Viola lobata |
Viola clauseniana |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Hanging gardens, seeps, springs, shady areas | |||||
Elevation | 1600 m (5200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; nw Mexico
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UT |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). V. B. Baird (1942) noted that Viola lobata was more closely related to V. tripartita than to any western Viola. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Viola clauseniana is endemic to Zion National Park, Washington County. M. S. Baker reported that its seeds were minutely roughed, a characteristic not recorded for other Viola species. Viola clauseniana was originally thought to be closely related to the acaulescent blue violets, most notably V. nephrophylla (S. L. Welsh et al. 1987; L. E. McKinney 1992). After contemplating the 2n = 44 chromosome count obtained by J. Clausen (1964), H. E. Ballard (pers. comm.) suggested that V. clauseniana might be more closely related with the stemless white violets (for example, V. blanda) than with V. nephrophylla. Viola clauseniana was considered a distinct species by N. H. Holmgren (2005d) and T. Marcussen and T. Karlsson (2010). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 137. | FNA vol. 6, p. 128. | ||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 298. (1849) | M. S. Baker: Madroño 4: 194. (1938) | ||||
Web links |