Viola howellii |
Viola ocellata |
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Howell's violet, violette de Howell |
pinto violet, two-eyed violet, western heart's ease, western heart's ease or two-eyed or southern two-eyed violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 2–44 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 2–37 cm. |
Stems | 1–4, ascending to erect (sometimes later reclining to nearly prostrate), glabrous or sparsely pubescent, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
1–3, ascending to erect, ± glabrous or usually puberulent, on caudex from shallow, fleshy rhizome or deep-seated caudex with fleshy roots. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules linear-lanceolate to oblong, margins mostly entire or laciniate with gland-tipped projections, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 4–15 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; blade ovate to reniform, 1.9–6.8 × 2.1–6.4 cm, thin, base cordate, margins crenate, ciliate, apex acute to usually obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: stipules linear-lanceolate or deltate to oblong, apex acute or long-acuminate; petiole 1–4.5 cm; blade 2–5.1 × 1.2–5.8 cm. |
basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules deltate, margins laciniate, apex usually long-acuminate; petiole 3.7–10 cm, puberulent; blade ovate, deltate, or subreniform, 1–6 × 1.2–4 cm, base usually cordate to subcordate, margins crenate, usually ciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces usually sparsely puberulent, glabrous early; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate, margins ±fimbriate, sometimes stipitate-glandular, sometimes entire, erose, or ± laciniate; petiole 0.4–9 cm; blade ovate to deltate, 1.6–4.4 × 1.1–3.6 cm, base subcordate to truncate, margins crenate to ± serrate, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse. |
Peduncles | 2.8–17.8 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
1–10 cm, puberulent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals violet to soft blue-violet on both surfaces, whitish basally, lower 3 dark violet-veined, lateral 2 densely bearded, lowest 14–23 mm, spur blue-violet to whitish, gibbous to elongated, 2.4–5 mm, usually less than 1/2 lowest petal, tip straight; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; petals white adaxially, upper 2 and sometimes lower 3 deep reddish violet abaxially, all with yellow area basally, lateral 2 with purple patch basally distal to smaller yellow area, bearded, lowest with yellow patch basally, purple-veined, 5–15 mm, spur yellow or greenish, gibbous, 1–2.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ellipsoid, 7–11 mm, glabrous. |
spherical to spherical-ovoid, 5–11 mm, minutely scabrous. |
Seeds | light brown, 2.1–2.8 mm. |
brown-purple, ca. 2 mm. |
2n | = 40, 80. |
= 12. |
Viola howellii |
Viola ocellata |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Mar–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist, shady areas, coniferous forests, prairies, along streams | Rocky areas, grassy banks, thickets, often on serpentine soil |
Elevation | 50–1500 m (200–4900 ft) | 100–1100 m (300–3600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Viola howellii is similar to V. adunca and usually occupies moister habitats along the western side of the Cascade Mountains (H. E. Ballard 1992). The first documented record of this species in California was recently reported from Siskiyou County (R. J. Little 2010). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 134. | FNA vol. 6, p. 140. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 308. (1887) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 142. (1838) |
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