Viola howellii |
Viola egglestonii |
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Howell's violet, violette de Howell |
cedar glade or glade violet, glade violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 2–44 cm. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–20 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. |
Stems | 1–4, ascending to erect (sometimes later reclining to nearly prostrate), glabrous or sparsely pubescent, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules linear-lanceolate to oblong, margins mostly entire or laciniate with gland-tipped projections, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 4–15 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; blade ovate to reniform, 1.9–6.8 × 2.1–6.4 cm, thin, base cordate, margins crenate, ciliate, apex acute to usually obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: stipules linear-lanceolate or deltate to oblong, apex acute or long-acuminate; petiole 1–4.5 cm; blade 2–5.1 × 1.2–5.8 cm. |
basal, 3, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1.5–7 cm, usually glabrous; earliest leaf blades ± deltate or 3-lobed, mid-season blades 5–9-lobed, 1–9 × 1–10 cm, base truncate to cuneate, middle lobe lanceolate or spatulate to narrowly ovate, lateral lobes lanceolate or spatulate to falcate, margins serrate, sometimes with deltate or falcate appendages or teeth, ciliate, apex acute, surfaces usually glabrous, rarely pubescent. |
Peduncles | 2.8–17.8 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
2–15 cm, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals violet to soft blue-violet on both surfaces, whitish basally, lower 3 dark violet-veined, lateral 2 densely bearded, lowest 14–23 mm, spur blue-violet to whitish, gibbous to elongated, 2.4–5 mm, usually less than 1/2 lowest petal, tip straight; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals light to dark blue-violet on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 white basally, lower 3 darker violet-veined, lateral 2 densely bearded, lowest 10–15 mm, spur usually lilac, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate peduncles. |
Capsules | ellipsoid, 7–11 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid, 11–14 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | light brown, 2.1–2.8 mm. |
beige, mottled to bronze, 2–3 mm. |
2n | = 40, 80. |
= 54. |
Viola howellii |
Viola egglestonii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Moist, shady areas, coniferous forests, prairies, along streams | Limestone glades and barrens |
Elevation | 50–1500 m (200–4900 ft) | 100–200 m (300–700 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC
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AL; GA; IN; KY; TN |
Discussion | Viola howellii is similar to V. adunca and usually occupies moister habitats along the western side of the Cascade Mountains (H. E. Ballard 1992). The first documented record of this species in California was recently reported from Siskiyou County (R. J. Little 2010). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
N. H. Russell (1965) was the first to consider Viola egglestonii similar to V. septemloba. After analyzing leaf-blade lobing patterns, L. E. McKinney considered it a subspecies of V. septemloba. Although similarities exist between these taxa, we maintain them as distinct species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 134. | FNA vol. 6, p. 129. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. septemloba subsp. egglestonii | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 308. (1887) | Brainerd: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 526, plates 34, 35. (1910) |
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