Viola hastata |
Viola novae-angliae |
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halberd-leaf or halberdleaf yellow violet, halberdleaf yellow violet |
New England blue violet, New England violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–30 cm. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–50 cm; rhizomes thick, fleshy. |
Stems | 1(–2), erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, from fleshy rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 0–1; stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins laciniate with gland-tipped projections, apex usually acuminate; petiole 3–11.5 cm, usually glabrous; blade sometimes gray-green abaxially, usually mottled light green adaxially, widely or narrowly hastate to ovate, 2.5–4.4 × 1.8–3.2 cm, base hastate to cordate or truncate, margins serrate or crenate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes scabrous; cauline similar to basal except: leaves usually restricted to distal ends of naked stems; petiole 1–2.5 cm; blade 2–10 × 1.1–4.5 cm. |
basal, 2–8, ascending to erect; stipules linear-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, margins entire, sometimes distally glandular, apex acute; petiole 5–25 cm, densely pubescent; blade unlobed, narrowly ovate to narrowly deltate, 3.5–7 × 2–5 cm, base cordate, margins uniformly crenate to serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, surfaces usually glabrous, rarely pubescent. |
Peduncles | 1–5.3 cm, usually glabrous. |
3–25 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins mostly eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals lemon-yellow usually on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 9.5–12 mm, spur yellow to greenish, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light to dark blue- or dark purple-violet or reddish purple, lowest and sometimes lateral 2 purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest bearded or beardless, 15–25 mm, spur same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. |
Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 6–8 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid, 5–12 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | beige to bronze, 2–2.5 mm. |
beige, mottled to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
2n | = 12. |
= 54. |
Viola hastata |
Viola novae-angliae |
|
Phenology | Flowering late Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Rich woods, chiefly mountains and piedmont | Gravelly, wet, rocky shores of lakes and streams, meadows |
Elevation | 50–2000 m (200–6600 ft) | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; GA; KY; MD; NC; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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ME; MI; MN; WI; MB; NB; ON; QC
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Discussion | V. B. Baird (1942) commented that Viola hastata is more closely related to V. glabella than to any eastern species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
L. E. McKinney (1992) considered Viola novae-angliae to be a variety of V. sororia; N. L. Gil-Ad (1997) treated it as a distinct species. H. E. Ballard and S. C. Gawler (1994) also considered V. novae-angliae distinct and suggested it might be a hybrid between V. sagittata and V. sororia. Viola novae-angliae appears to have a close affinity with V. sororia; we recognize them here as separate species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 133. | FNA vol. 6, p. 139. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. septentrionalis var. grisea, V. sororia var. grisea, V. sororia var. novae-angliae | |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 149. (1803) | House: Rhodora 6: 226, plate 59. (1904) |
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