Viola hastata |
Viola japonica |
|
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halberd-leaf or halberdleaf yellow violet, halberdleaf yellow violet |
Japanese violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–30 cm. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–10 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. |
Stems | 1(–2), erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, from fleshy rhizome. |
|
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 0–1; stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins laciniate with gland-tipped projections, apex usually acuminate; petiole 3–11.5 cm, usually glabrous; blade sometimes gray-green abaxially, usually mottled light green adaxially, widely or narrowly hastate to ovate, 2.5–4.4 × 1.8–3.2 cm, base hastate to cordate or truncate, margins serrate or crenate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes scabrous; cauline similar to basal except: leaves usually restricted to distal ends of naked stems; petiole 1–2.5 cm; blade 2–10 × 1.1–4.5 cm. |
basal, ca. 5, ascending to erect; stipules ± oblong, 2-fid, proximal margins entire, distal ± serrate, apex acuminate; petiole narrowly winged distally, 1–14 cm, usually glabrous; blade unlobed, broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, 3–8 × 3–5.5 cm, base cordate, margins crenate, usually eciliate, apex acute or ± obtuse, surfaces sparsely puberulent. |
Peduncles | 1–5.3 cm, usually glabrous. |
3–6 cm, glabrous or pubescent, bracteoles near middle. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins mostly eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals lemon-yellow usually on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 9.5–12 mm, spur yellow to greenish, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
sepals broadly lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 6–8 mm; petals light violet or whitish violet on both surfaces, lowest 3 occasionally white basally, often dark violet-veined, lateral 2 sparsely bearded or beardless, lowest 17–20 mm, spur pale to dark violet, elongated, 5–10 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers present. |
Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 6–8 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid, 8–10 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | beige to bronze, 2–2.5 mm. |
unknown. |
Gardens | and ruderal areas; 10–50 m; introduced; Mass.; Asia (China, Japan, Korea). |
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2n | = 12. |
= 48.Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Viola hastata |
Viola japonica |
|
Phenology | Flowering late Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Rich woods, chiefly mountains and piedmont | Gardens and ruderal areas |
Elevation | 50–2000 m (200–6600 ft) | 10–50 m (0–200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; GA; KY; MD; NC; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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MA; Asia (China, Japan, Korea) [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | V. B. Baird (1942) commented that Viola hastata is more closely related to V. glabella than to any eastern species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 133. | FNA vol. 6, p. 134. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 149. (1803) | Langsdorff ex Gingins: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 295. (1824) |
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