Viola hastata |
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halberd-leaf or halberdleaf yellow violet, halberdleaf yellow violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–30 cm. |
Stems | 1(–2), erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, from fleshy rhizome. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 0–1; stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins laciniate with gland-tipped projections, apex usually acuminate; petiole 3–11.5 cm, usually glabrous; blade sometimes gray-green abaxially, usually mottled light green adaxially, widely or narrowly hastate to ovate, 2.5–4.4 × 1.8–3.2 cm, base hastate to cordate or truncate, margins serrate or crenate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes scabrous; cauline similar to basal except: leaves usually restricted to distal ends of naked stems; petiole 1–2.5 cm; blade 2–10 × 1.1–4.5 cm. |
Peduncles | 1–5.3 cm, usually glabrous. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins mostly eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals lemon-yellow usually on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 9.5–12 mm, spur yellow to greenish, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 6–8 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | beige to bronze, 2–2.5 mm. |
2n | = 12. |
Viola hastata |
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Phenology | Flowering late Mar–May. |
Habitat | Rich woods, chiefly mountains and piedmont |
Elevation | 50–2000 m (200–6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; GA; KY; MD; NC; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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Discussion | V. B. Baird (1942) commented that Viola hastata is more closely related to V. glabella than to any eastern species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 133. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 149. (1803) |
Web links |