Viola hallii |
Viola rostrata |
|
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Hall's violet, Oregon violet, wild pansy |
long-spur violet, violette rostrée |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–22 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–20 cm. |
Stems | 1–3, decumbent or ascending to erect, ca. 1/2 subterranean, glabrous, clustered on single, short, vertical, deep-seated caudex. |
1–7, ascending to erect (often declining during anthesis), glabrous, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–4, palmately compound, ± 2-ternate or 3-ternate, leaflets 3; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear-lanceolate wings, unlobed, margins entire, apex of each wing free, acute; petiole 5–8 cm, glabrous; blade ovate to deltate, 2.8–6 × 2.6–6.5 cm, ± coriaceous, base tapered, ultimate lobes narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 1–7 mm wide, margins entire, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: stipules usually lanceolate, sometimes broadly ovate, ± leaflike, margins toothed; petiole 1.3–6 cm; blade 2–4.8 × 1.2–5.5 cm. |
basal and cauline; basal: 1–5; stipules lanceolate, margins laciniate, apex acute; petiole 1–9.6 cm, glabrous; blade sometimes purple-spotted abaxially and/or adaxially, reniform to ovate, 1–4.5 × 1–4 cm, base broadly cordate to cordate, margins crenate to serrate, mostly eciliate, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces usually pubescent, mostly adaxially toward base, sometimes glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: petiole 0.4–4 cm; distal cauline blades ovate to deltate, 1–4.5 × 1–4 cm, base cordate, apex acuminate to acute. |
Peduncles | 2.5–11 cm, glabrous. |
5–9 cm, usually glabrous. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals: upper 2 almost black abaxially, dark reddish violet adaxially, lower 3 pale yellow, cream, or ± white, lateral 2 bearded, with deep yellow to orange patch basally, dark reddish violet-veined, lowest with deep yellow to orange patch basally, dark reddish violet-veined, 5–18 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers absent. |
sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals pale lavender-violet on both surfaces, all white basally, lower 3 purple-black-veined, all beardless, lowest 8–20 mm, spur white, purple, or lavender-tinged, elongated, 10–20 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ellipsoid, 4–12 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid, 4–6 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | light brown, shiny, 3.2–3.5 mm. |
beige to bronze, 1.3–2 mm. |
2n | = 60, 72. |
= 20. |
Viola hallii |
Viola rostrata |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Open forests, grassy hills, chaparral, frequently serpentine or gravelly soil | Rich, mesic to dry, well-drained woodlands, mountains |
Elevation | 500–2100 m (1600–6900 ft) | 200–1800 m (700–5900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
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AL; CT; GA; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC; e Asia (Japan)
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Discussion | Viola hallii was discovered on the grounds of Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, by Elihu Hall, a professor at that institution (V. B. Baird 1942). Leaves of V. hallii are similar to V. beckwithii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola rostrata has the longest spur of any North American Viola species. Viola rostrata reportedly hybridizes with V. labradorica (= V. ×malteana House) and V. striata (= V. ×brauniae Grover ex Cooperrider). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 133. | FNA vol. 6, p. 154. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lophion rostratum | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 377. (1872) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 174. (1813) |
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