Viola flettii |
Viola riviniana |
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Flett's violet, Olympic violet, rock violet |
common dog-violet, dog violet, wood violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–15 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.8–30 cm. |
Stems | 1–3, ascending to erect, mostly glabrous, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. |
1–5, erect, ascending, or decumbent, glabrous or puberulent, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–3; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire or with glandular processes, apex acuminate; petiole 1.5–9.7 cm, mostly glabrous; blade purple-tinted and –veined, broadly reniform to ovate, 0.9–2.4 × 1.2–4 cm, base cordate, margins finely crenate-serrate, eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent along veins adaxially; cauline similar to basal except: stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins entire or shallowly laciniate; petiole 0.7–5.9 cm, usually glabrous; blade 0.8–2.1 × 1.2–3.1 cm. |
basal and cauline; basal: 3–5; stipules subulate or lanceolate, margins fimbriate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 2.5–12 cm, usually glabrous, rarely puberulent; blade ovate to reniform, 2.3–5.5 × 2.6–5.3 cm, base cordate to deeply cordate, margins crenate, eciliate, apex acute or obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely puberulent, adaxial surface usually sparsely puberulent, sometimes glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: stipules ovate or lanceolate, margins fimbriate, apex long-acuminate; petiole 1.3–6 cm; blade ovate or broadly ovate, 1.8–5 × 1.5–4.2 cm, apex acute. |
Peduncles | 1.8–7.1 cm, usually glabrous. |
2.8–10 cm, glabrous, sometimes puberulent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; petals soft reddish violet on both surfaces, all with yellow area basally, lower 3 dark violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest with white around yellow area, 10–15 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate; auricles 1.8–2.5 mm (enlarged in fruit); petals violet on both surfaces, lower 3 usually white basally, rarely violet, dark violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 13–17 mm, spur white, rarely violet, elongated, 5–7 mm, tip straight or hooked, blunt; style head beardless (surface papillose); cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ± spherical, 5–9 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid or oblong, 8–12 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | dark brown to brownish purple, 2.5–3 mm. |
pale to light brown, 1.8–2.1 mm. |
2n | = 40. |
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Viola flettii |
Viola riviniana |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Mar–Sep. |
Habitat | Alpine and subalpine rock crevices, vertical faces, talus slopes | Roadsides and trails, sidewalk cracks, parks |
Elevation | 1100–2000 m (3600–6600 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
WA
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CA; OR; WA; BC; Eurasia; nw Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced in Australia] |
Discussion | Viola flettii is endemic to the Olympic Mountains of northwestern Washington. C. S. McCreary (2005) noted that although morphologically and ecologically distinct, V. cuneata, V. flettii, and V. ocellata are closely related. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola riviniana has become established in several states on the Pacific Coast. It is cultivated and sold through nurseries in the United States. In the nursery trade in California and elsewhere, it is incorrectly referred to incorrectly as V. labradorica ‘Purpurea.’ In some plants shoots arise from adventitious buds on the roots (A. R. Clapham et al. 1987; T. Marcussen and T. Karlsson 2010). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 131. | FNA vol. 6, p. 154. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Piper: Erythea 6: 69. (1898) | Reichenbach: Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 81, plate 95. (1823) |
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