Viola flettii |
Viola novae-angliae |
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Flett's violet, Olympic violet, rock violet |
New England blue violet, New England violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–15 cm. | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–50 cm; rhizomes thick, fleshy. |
Stems | 1–3, ascending to erect, mostly glabrous, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–3; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire or with glandular processes, apex acuminate; petiole 1.5–9.7 cm, mostly glabrous; blade purple-tinted and –veined, broadly reniform to ovate, 0.9–2.4 × 1.2–4 cm, base cordate, margins finely crenate-serrate, eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent along veins adaxially; cauline similar to basal except: stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins entire or shallowly laciniate; petiole 0.7–5.9 cm, usually glabrous; blade 0.8–2.1 × 1.2–3.1 cm. |
basal, 2–8, ascending to erect; stipules linear-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, margins entire, sometimes distally glandular, apex acute; petiole 5–25 cm, densely pubescent; blade unlobed, narrowly ovate to narrowly deltate, 3.5–7 × 2–5 cm, base cordate, margins uniformly crenate to serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, surfaces usually glabrous, rarely pubescent. |
Peduncles | 1.8–7.1 cm, usually glabrous. |
3–25 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; petals soft reddish violet on both surfaces, all with yellow area basally, lower 3 dark violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest with white around yellow area, 10–15 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light to dark blue- or dark purple-violet or reddish purple, lowest and sometimes lateral 2 purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest bearded or beardless, 15–25 mm, spur same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. |
Capsules | ± spherical, 5–9 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid, 5–12 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | dark brown to brownish purple, 2.5–3 mm. |
beige, mottled to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
2n | = 54. |
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Viola flettii |
Viola novae-angliae |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Alpine and subalpine rock crevices, vertical faces, talus slopes | Gravelly, wet, rocky shores of lakes and streams, meadows |
Elevation | 1100–2000 m (3600–6600 ft) | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
WA
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ME; MI; MN; WI; MB; NB; ON; QC
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Discussion | Viola flettii is endemic to the Olympic Mountains of northwestern Washington. C. S. McCreary (2005) noted that although morphologically and ecologically distinct, V. cuneata, V. flettii, and V. ocellata are closely related. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
L. E. McKinney (1992) considered Viola novae-angliae to be a variety of V. sororia; N. L. Gil-Ad (1997) treated it as a distinct species. H. E. Ballard and S. C. Gawler (1994) also considered V. novae-angliae distinct and suggested it might be a hybrid between V. sagittata and V. sororia. Viola novae-angliae appears to have a close affinity with V. sororia; we recognize them here as separate species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 131. | FNA vol. 6, p. 139. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. septentrionalis var. grisea, V. sororia var. grisea, V. sororia var. novae-angliae | |
Name authority | Piper: Erythea 6: 69. (1898) | House: Rhodora 6: 226, plate 59. (1904) |
Web links |