Viola epipsila |
Viola septemloba |
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Canada violet, dwarf marsh violet, northern marsh violet |
southern coastal violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–30 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | |
Leaves | basal, 5 or 6, prostrate to ascending; stipules linearlanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1.5–7 cm, usually glabrous; earliest leaf blades ± ovate, sometimes 3-lobed, mid-season blades 7–9-lobed, 1–9 × 1–10 cm, base broadly cordate to cordate, middle lobes narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, spatulate, or obovate, (rarely linear), lateral lobes lanceolate or spatulate to falcate, margins usually entire, sometimes serrate, sometimes with narrowly deltate or falcate appendages or teeth, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute to mucronulate, surfaces usually glabrous. |
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Peduncles | 2–20 cm, usually glabrous. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals light to dark blue-violet on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 white basally, lower 3 darker violet-veined, lateral 2 densely bearded, spur sometimes bearded, lowest 15–25 mm, spur usually lilac, sometimes whitish, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on ascending to erect peduncles. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid, 11–14 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | beige, mottled to bronze, 2–3 mm. |
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2n | = 54. |
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Viola epipsila |
Viola septemloba |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | |
Habitat | Sandy, dry or seasonally wet pine or mixed pine/deciduous woods | |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; CO; MI; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; YT; Europe; Asia |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
For years this heterophyllous species was either ignored or included in Viola palmata. C. L. Pollard (1898) and E. Brainerd (1910, 1921) treated it as V. insignis Pollard, a later homonym. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 130. | FNA vol. 6, p. 157. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Name authority | Ledebour: Index Seminum (Dorpat) 1820: 5. (1820) | Leconte: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 141. (1826) |
Web links |