Flora of North America species comparison

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Viola epipsila

Viola quercetorum

Canada violet, dwarf marsh violet, northern marsh violet

goosefoot violet, goosefoot yellow violet, oakwoods violet
Habit Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 4–25(–34.5) cm.
Stems

1–5, spreading to erect, leafy proximally and distally, usually elongated by end of season, puberulent to canescent, on caudex from subligneous rhizome.
Leaves

basal and cauline;

basal: 1–6;

stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear, membranous wings, each wing with lanceolate to ± deltate projection, margins entire or laciniate, apex usually long-acuminate or divided into narrow, filiform processes;

petiole 1.9–9.5 cm, puberulent;

blade usually grayish green to whitish, sometimes ± purple-tinted abaxially, green to grayish green adaxially, ± ovate to ± orbiculate, deltate, pandurate, or broadly brownish purple abaxially, lower 3 dark brown-veined, lateral 2 sparsely to densely bearded, lowest 10–16 mm, spur yellow to reddish brown, gibbous, 1–2 mm;

style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary.
Capsules

ovoid to ellipsoid, 8–12 mm, puberulent.
Seeds

medium brown, ± 2.7 mm.
2n

= 24.

Viola epipsila

Viola quercetorum
Phenology Flowering Feb–Jul.
Habitat Dry, grassy or brushy slopes, chaparral, in or lower than yellow pine forests
Elevation 300–2000 m (1000–6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CO; MI; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; YT; Europe; Asia
from FNA
CA; OR
Discussion

Varieties 2 (1 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Herbarium specimens of Viola quercetorum and V. purpurea var. purpurea can be difficult to distinguish; pressing obliterates the undulate leaf margins of V. quercetorum. In Oregon, most collections of V. quercetorum are from yellow pine forests (A. Liston, pers. comm.).

Viola quercetorum hybridizes with V. douglasii (J. Clausen 1964).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 6, p. 130. FNA vol. 6, p. 153.
Parent taxa Violaceae > Viola Violaceae > Viola
Sibling taxa
V. adunca, V. affinis, V. arvensis, V. bakeri, V. beckwithii, V. bicolor, V. biflora, V. blanda, V. brittoniana, V. canadensis, V. canina, V. charlestonensis, V. clauseniana, V. cucullata, V. cuneata, V. douglasii, V. egglestonii, V. flettii, V. frank-smithii, V. glabella, V. guadalupensis, V. hallii, V. hastata, V. hirsutula, V. howellii, V. japonica, V. labradorica, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. lithion, V. lobata, V. macloskeyi, V. missouriensis, V. nephrophylla, V. novae-angliae, V. nuttallii, V. ocellata, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palmata, V. palustris, V. pedata, V. pedatifida, V. pedunculata, V. pinetorum, V. praemorsa, V. primulifolia, V. prionantha, V. pubescens, V. purpurea, V. quercetorum, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. rostrata, V. rotundifolia, V. sagittata, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. septemloba, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. striata, V. subsinuata, V. tomentosa, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. tripartita, V. umbraticola, V. utahensis, V. vallicola, V. villosa, V. walteri
V. adunca, V. affinis, V. arvensis, V. bakeri, V. beckwithii, V. bicolor, V. biflora, V. blanda, V. brittoniana, V. canadensis, V. canina, V. charlestonensis, V. clauseniana, V. cucullata, V. cuneata, V. douglasii, V. egglestonii, V. epipsila, V. flettii, V. frank-smithii, V. glabella, V. guadalupensis, V. hallii, V. hastata, V. hirsutula, V. howellii, V. japonica, V. labradorica, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. lithion, V. lobata, V. macloskeyi, V. missouriensis, V. nephrophylla, V. novae-angliae, V. nuttallii, V. ocellata, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palmata, V. palustris, V. pedata, V. pedatifida, V. pedunculata, V. pinetorum, V. praemorsa, V. primulifolia, V. prionantha, V. pubescens, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. rostrata, V. rotundifolia, V. sagittata, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. septemloba, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. striata, V. subsinuata, V. tomentosa, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. tripartita, V. umbraticola, V. utahensis, V. vallicola, V. villosa, V. walteri
Subordinate taxa
V. epipsila var. repens
Synonyms V. purpurea subsp. quercetorum
Name authority Ledebour: Index Seminum (Dorpat) 1820: 5. (1820) M. S. Baker & J. C. Clausen: Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 101. (1948)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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