Viola epipsila |
Viola novae-angliae |
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Canada violet, dwarf marsh violet, northern marsh violet |
New England blue violet, New England violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–50 cm; rhizomes thick, fleshy. | |
Leaves | basal, 2–8, ascending to erect; stipules linear-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, margins entire, sometimes distally glandular, apex acute; petiole 5–25 cm, densely pubescent; blade unlobed, narrowly ovate to narrowly deltate, 3.5–7 × 2–5 cm, base cordate, margins uniformly crenate to serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, surfaces usually glabrous, rarely pubescent. |
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Peduncles | 3–25 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light to dark blue- or dark purple-violet or reddish purple, lowest and sometimes lateral 2 purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest bearded or beardless, 15–25 mm, spur same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid, 5–12 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | beige, mottled to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
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2n | = 54. |
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Viola epipsila |
Viola novae-angliae |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |
Habitat | Gravelly, wet, rocky shores of lakes and streams, meadows | |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; CO; MI; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; YT; Europe; Asia |
ME; MI; MN; WI; MB; NB; ON; QC
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
L. E. McKinney (1992) considered Viola novae-angliae to be a variety of V. sororia; N. L. Gil-Ad (1997) treated it as a distinct species. H. E. Ballard and S. C. Gawler (1994) also considered V. novae-angliae distinct and suggested it might be a hybrid between V. sagittata and V. sororia. Viola novae-angliae appears to have a close affinity with V. sororia; we recognize them here as separate species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 130. | FNA vol. 6, p. 139. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. septentrionalis var. grisea, V. sororia var. grisea, V. sororia var. novae-angliae | |
Name authority | Ledebour: Index Seminum (Dorpat) 1820: 5. (1820) | House: Rhodora 6: 226, plate 59. (1904) |
Web links |