Viola epipsila |
Viola missouriensis |
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Canada violet, dwarf marsh violet, northern marsh violet |
Missouri violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–50 cm; rhizomes thick, fleshy. | |
Leaves | basal, 1–8, ascending to erect; stipules linear-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, margins entire, sometimes distally glandular, apex acute; petiole 5–20 cm, glabrous; blade green abaxially, unlobed, usually narrowly to broadly deltate, 1.5–12 × 1.5–10 cm, not fleshy, base cordate or broadly cordate to truncate, margins ± crenate to serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent. |
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Peduncles | 3–25 cm, usually glabrous. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light to dark blue-violet, lowest and sometimes lateral 2 purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest beardless, rarely lightly bearded, 15–25 mm, spur same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid, 5–12 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | beige, mottled to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm. |
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2n | = 54. |
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Viola epipsila |
Viola missouriensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | |
Habitat | Swamps, thickets, stream banks, alluvial woods | |
Elevation | 50–2000 m (200–6600 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; CO; MI; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; YT; Europe; Asia |
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NM; OK; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
What many have treated as Viola affinis, especially in the southern Gulf coastal states, is likely to be V. missouriensis. N. H. Russell (1965) considered the two as likely part of a species complex inhabiting alluvial woods and wet areas and exhibiting the typical deltate leaf blade shape. L. E. McKinney (1992) considered V. missouriensis a variety of V. sororia. Viola missouriensis appears to have a closer affinity to V. affinis, as Russell suggested; current evidence suggests maintaining V. missouriensis as a separate species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 130. | FNA vol. 6, p. 138. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. candidula, V. langloisii, V. lucidifolia, V. sororia var. missouriensis | |
Name authority | Ledebour: Index Seminum (Dorpat) 1820: 5. (1820) | Greene: Pittonia 4: 141. (1900) |
Web links |