Viola douglasii |
Viola rostrata |
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Douglas' golden violet, Douglas' or Douglas' golden violet, Douglas' violet, Douglas' yellow violet, golden violet |
long-spur violet, violette rostrée |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–20 cm. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–20 cm. |
Stems | 1–3, decumbent or ascending to erect, ca. 1/2 subterranean, glabrous or puberulent, from single, short, vertical, deep-seated caudex. |
1–7, ascending to erect (often declining during anthesis), glabrous, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 1–6, bipinnately compound, leaflets 3–5; stipules adnate to petiole forming 2 linear-lanceolate wings, unlobed, margins entire, apex of each wing free, acute to acuminate; petiole 5–6.8 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate, 3.5–5 × 2.4–3.5 cm, base tapered, leaflets 3–5-lobed, lobes linear, narrowly elliptic, or oblong, 1–2.5(–5) mm wide, margins entire, usually densely ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: stipules ovate to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, apex acute; petiole 0.9–4 cm; blade 1.1–4.1 × 1–3.6 cm. |
basal and cauline; basal: 1–5; stipules lanceolate, margins laciniate, apex acute; petiole 1–9.6 cm, glabrous; blade sometimes purple-spotted abaxially and/or adaxially, reniform to ovate, 1–4.5 × 1–4 cm, base broadly cordate to cordate, margins crenate to serrate, mostly eciliate, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces usually pubescent, mostly adaxially toward base, sometimes glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: petiole 0.4–4 cm; distal cauline blades ovate to deltate, 1–4.5 × 1–4 cm, base cordate, apex acuminate to acute. |
Peduncles | 2–12.5 cm, glabrous or puberulent. |
5–9 cm, usually glabrous. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; petals light golden yellow adaxially, upper 2 dark brown to ± black abaxially, lower 3 dark brown-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–21 mm, spur dark greenish to dark brown, gibbous, 1.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers absent. |
sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals pale lavender-violet on both surfaces, all white basally, lower 3 purple-black-veined, all beardless, lowest 8–20 mm, spur white, purple, or lavender-tinged, elongated, 10–20 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | spherical to oblong, 5–12 mm, glabrous. |
ellipsoid, 4–6 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | light brown, 2.8–3.3 mm. |
beige to bronze, 1.3–2 mm. |
2n | = 24, 48. |
= 20. |
Viola douglasii |
Viola rostrata |
|
Phenology | Flowering Feb–Jul. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Vernally moist grassy slopes and flats, often serpentine soil (except Oregon) | Rich, mesic to dry, well-drained woodlands, mountains |
Elevation | 20–2300 m (100–7500 ft) | 200–1800 m (700–5900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
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AL; CT; GA; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC; e Asia (Japan)
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Discussion | Viola douglasii is tetraploid (n = 12) south of, and octoploid (n = 24) north of, San Francisco Bay, California. It forms sterile hybrids with V. quercetorum (J. Clausen 1964). V. B. Baird (1936) described V. douglasii × purpurea, which Clausen later said was actually V. quercetorum, not described at the time of Baird’s publication. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Viola rostrata has the longest spur of any North American Viola species. Viola rostrata reportedly hybridizes with V. labradorica (= V. ×malteana House) and V. striata (= V. ×brauniae Grover ex Cooperrider). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 129. | FNA vol. 6, p. 154. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. chrysantha | Lophion rostratum |
Name authority | Steudel: Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 2. 771. (1841) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 174. (1813) |
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